Top Places to Visit in Türkiye

The eclectic city of Istanbul, the fantastical rock forms of Cappadocia, the ancient ruins of Ephesus, and the glimmering Mediterranean and Aegean coastlines are Türkiye’s biggest draws. However, each region of the country offers something unique and captivating.

The diversity of landscapes, heritage, and culinary culture will undoubtedly surprise those who have only explored resort areas and beaches. Although navigating Türkiye is relatively easy, there is simply too much to see and experience during a single trip. Thus, it is wise to spend a few days in this dynamic global metropolis before venturing out to discover other remarkable places across Türkiye.

1. Istanbul

Best for ancient sites and modern neighborhoods

As one of the world’s greatest cities, Istanbul should be on every traveler’s must-visit list. The iconic sights such as the grand Byzantine basilica Aya Sofya, often referred to as Hagia Sophia, and the lavish Topkapı Palace are testaments to Istanbul’s rich history as the former capital of powerful empires.

Moreover, set aside some time to experience the modern charm of Istanbul. Go cafe- or bar-hopping in the vibrant Kadıköy neighborhood, wander the backstreets of the more conservative Fatih, or explore contemporary art in Beyoğlu. Don’t forget to enjoy the simple pleasure of sipping çay (tea) on a ferry while taking in spectacular views.

Planning tip: You could easily spend an entire vacation in Istanbul; however, if time permits, it is worthwhile to explore further afield in search of other Turkish delights.

2. Cappadocia

Best for its unique landscape

Cappadocia is a geological wonderland located in central Türkiye. The history of early Christians in Anatolia comes alive at the Göreme Open-Air Museum and the other cave churches and underground cities scattered throughout the valleys. Additionally, romance flourishes in the cozy cave hotels and restaurants, especially during sunrise balloon rides accompanied by champagne toasts. Adventure seekers will find ample opportunities for hiking, mountain biking, and trail running amidst the region’s green valleys and undulating rocks.

3. Turquoise Coast

Best for history lovers and beaches

The Mediterranean coastline of Türkiye, nestled between Fethiye and Antalya, offers stunning locations for sun-soaked vacations. Furthermore, this coastline is rich with remnants of ancient civilizations. Noteworthy sights include the seaside ruins of Patara, which boasts one of Türkiye’s best beaches, and the picturesque rock tombs of Myra. The Antalya Museum provides great insights into the region’s history. Explore by sea on a gulet cruise, on foot along the Lycian Way hiking path, or by driving the scenic coastal roads.

4. Eastern Black Sea and Kaçkar Mountains

Best for rural traditions

The somewhat unforgiving waters of the Black Sea may not be inviting; however, the interior reveals lush green valleys descending from high peaks, showcasing the region’s appeal. The lower elevations are the heart of Türkiye’s tea and hazelnut production, while high plateaus like Pokut, once used as summer pastures for livestock, attract tourists seeking scenic views along with a taste of traditional Black Sea culture and cuisine. Additionally, the Kaçkar Mountains offer exhilarating trekking opportunities in the summer for experienced hikers.

Planning tip: Trabzon, home to the cliff-side Sumela Monastery, serves as the area’s main hub for air travel.

5. Southeastern Anatolia

Best for culture and food

The often-overlooked southeastern Anatolia region shines as one of Türkiye’s cultural and culinary havens. Cities like Gaziantep and Antakya (Hatay) are renowned for their delectable food, alongside museums housing incredible collections of Roman mosaics. Mardin’s charming, well-preserved old town serves as an ideal base for exploring nearby monasteries and Roman ruins. Moreover, the world’s oldest religious site, Göbeklitepe, located near Şanlıurfa, is a must-see, complemented by the city’s impressive archaeology museum and bustling bazaar.

6. Datça and Bozburun Peninsulas

Best for relaxation

Embracing the tranquillity of nature is the essence of the Datça and Bozburun peninsulas situated in the southern Aegean. Instead of the bustling nightlife of nearby Bodrum and Marmaris, these areas showcase dramatic rocky coastlines, scenic rural villages, and small, peaceful beach resorts.

Planning tip: The Carian Trail long-distance hiking path encircles both peninsulas; however, it is advisable to check accessibility, as some sections were impacted by wildfires in the summer of 2021.

7. Türkiye’s Far East

Best for rugged beauty

The vast landscapes of Türkiye’s far east reveal an unmatched ruggedness. Known to travelers as the endpoint of the popular and scenic Doğu Ekpresi (Eastern Express) overnight train trip from Ankara, the border city of Kars retains striking architecture from its days as a Russian outpost in the 1800s. Nearby, the evocative ruins of Ani, a former Armenian capital, are recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage site, showcasing rich historical significance.

A three-hour drive south leads to the remote İshak Paşa Palace, with breathtaking views of the fabled Mt. Ararat (Ağrı Dağı) along the way. The journey continues to Van, famous for its elaborate breakfast spreads and a local museum, alongside a day excursion to the intricately decorated Akdamar Kilisesi, an Armenian church located on an island in Lake Van.

8. Gallipoli and the North Aegean

Best for WWI history and ancient Troy

The Gallipoli Peninsula is dotted with cemeteries dedicated to the thousands of soldiers who perished in the intense battles of WWI, set against the serene and beautiful landscapes. This area also serves as a gateway to the North Aegean coast, offering a relaxed atmosphere compared to the Mediterranean. Visitors can leisurely tour charming seaside towns like Ayvalık and Foça, explore the island wineries of Bozcaada, and witness the legendary ruins of Troy, complete with its notable museum and the spectacular hilltop acropolis of Bergama.

9. Safranbolu

Best for Ottoman atmosphere

Safranbolu, named for the saffron cultivated and traded here for centuries, remains a favorite among visitors who seek to immerse themselves in its old Ottoman ambiance. The town is replete with historic wood-framed mansions that have been beautifully restored and transformed into charming boutique hotels, cafes, and restaurants.

Planning tip: If its quaintness feels overwhelming, the nearby Yenice Forest’s canyons, waterfalls, and woodlands offer a refreshing escape.

10. Pamukkale

Best for its ancient spa

The bright-white terraces of Pamukkale rank among the most photographed sights in Türkiye, dramatically gleaming above the rural landscape like freshly fallen snow. The warm mineral waters that flow through the terraces formed the basis for the ancient spa city of Hierapolis, with extensive ancient remains sprawled along the hilltop beside the travertines.

Planning tip: Pamukkale also serves as an excellent base for visiting other nearby ancient sites, including Laodicea, Tripolis, and the stunning ruins of Afrodisias, renowned for its impressive collection of Roman marble sculptures.

This article was first published on September 30, 2021, and updated on December 14, 2023.