Top 15 Must-See Attractions in Gyumri, Armenia

Sitting in the northwestern region of Armenia, specifically in the central Shirak Highland, lies Gyumri, the nation’s second-largest city. It is located approximately 126 kilometers away from the capital, Yerevan, and stands roughly 472 meters above sea level.

Gyumri was historically one of the largest cities in Russian-controlled Eastern Armenia, a fact that is evident in its architecture. The predominantly black stone structures were constructed largely in the Russian style of the 19th century, with a Russian military base influencing much of the city center. However, archaeological evidence indicates that the city’s origins date back to the 3rd millennium BC.

Often overlooked by visitors, Gyumri is sometimes only included as a brief stop on a day trip from Yerevan. Nonetheless, it warrants a more in-depth exploration. The city boasts notable museums, delightful parks, and the striking Kumayri historical district. Surprisingly, there are numerous activities and sights to discover within the city.

Let’s examine the best attractions in Gyumri:

1. Explore the historic district

Kumayri is the most ancient part of Gyumri, displaying distinctive architecture that originated in the 18th and 19th centuries. It is among the few locations in the country where one can witness authentic urban Armenian architecture.

This district houses over 1,000 structures, each contributing to the narrative of the city’s history. Fortuitously, this area has persevered through two significant earthquakes: one in 1926 and another in 1988, allowing both tourists and locals to appreciate the unique buildings found here.

Conveniently located at the heart of contemporary Gyumri, Kumayri is a compact area best explored on foot. Noteworthy establishments include the Poloz Mukuch Beerhouse and Araks Hotel.

2. Visit the Black Fortress

Formally known as Sev Berd, the Black Fortress is a grand abandoned Russian imperial fortress located on the western edge of the city. Constructed between 1834 and 1847, its establishment followed the Russo-Turkish War.

This large circular fortress is recognized as a national cultural heritage monument. Perched atop a hill, it offers spectacular views of the city below.

In 2012, Sev Berd was acquired by Misak Balasanyan, who envisions transforming it into an events complex accommodating up to 1,500 guests.

3. People-watch at Vartanants Square

This expansive town square is situated at the center of Gyumri, adjacent to the Kumayri district. The square is surrounded by numerous buildings, including Gyumri City Hall, the 19th-century Church of the Holy Saviour, and the October Cinema Hall.

At the heart of Vartanants Square stands a memorial commemorating the Battle of Avarayr, with a surrounding array of fountains and benches that provide an ideal locale for people-watching.

Local residents frequently traverse the square as part of their daily routines, while it also hosts several restaurants and cafés.

4. Wander through the museums

Gyumri boasts several remarkable museums, including house museums dedicated to prominent Armenians such as sculptor Sergey Merkurov and poet Avetik Isahakyan. The popular Aslamazyan Sisters House-Museum holds a collection of over 700 drawings, paintings, and other works created by the sisters.

The Dzitoghtsyan House-Museum of Social Life and National Architecture, originating from the 19th century, showcases artifacts that reflect the everyday urban life in Gyumri and features numerous exhibits highlighting the city’s architectural and cultural heritage.

5. Enjoy a picnic in Independence Square

The city’s second-largest square features a beautifully landscaped park, perfect for enjoying a picnic. At the park’s base stands a substantial statue of an Armenian girl elevating a cross, honoring the victims of the 1988 Spitak earthquake.

Independence Square provides a picturesque setting surrounded by elegant buildings, creating a lovely backdrop for a leisurely lunch. Notable structures bordering the square include the Gyumri Courthouse, Gyumri Academy of Fine Arts, and the former Gyumri Textile Factory.

6. Explore the markets and shops

The Gyumri open-air market serves as a bustling venue where locals procure fresh produce, spices, and dried fruits. It is an engaging spot to explore, appealing to all senses.

Ryzhkov Street, which is pedestrian-only, not only presents a lively atmosphere but also serves as an excellent locale for souvenir shopping. Local artisans offer paintings, wooden carvings, tufa stone sculptures, and various crafts along this alleyway.

Situated on Aragats Street, the open-air gold market features an array of unique art pieces and jewelry, reinforcing Gyumri’s reputation as a hub for skilled goldsmiths.

7. Taste the local cuisine

Gyumri is renowned for its traditional dishes, including pilaf, soups, meat dishes, and desserts. These culinary offerings can be enjoyed at various restaurants and food stands scattered throughout Pyzhkov Street.

Among the must-try dishes is Khash, a soup featuring cow’s feet and stomach, complemented by garlic, pickled vegetables, and vodka. Alternatively, one can savor Tatar Boraki, a homemade pasta garnished with fried onions.

Visitors should not miss the opportunity to sample the city’s delightful sweets, including pakhlava (nutty pastry), yaghli (fried dough with sugar), and shakar lokum (butter cookies).

8. Discover the Leninakan era

This term refers to the period between the 1920s and 1970s when the city was under Soviet governance. During this era, it was known as Leninakan, characterized by architecture often deemed ‘brutal’ in style.

‘Brutal’ architecture stems from the French term béton brut or raw concrete, the primary material used extensively during this time. A quintessential example is the Gyumri Railway Station.

Remarkable infrastructures from this period include the Academy of Fine Arts, the Gyumri Drama Theatre, and the uniquely designed Shirak Diocese building. Additionally, Ryzhkov Street was constructed during this timeframe.

9. Visit the churches

Gyumri houses nine churches, though the majority of its residents are affiliated with the Armenian Apostolic Church. Several of these churches are architecturally significant and merit a visit.

The Russian Church stands apart, constructed from Armenian black tuff stone, displaying a distinctive style relative to the more traditional churches such as St. Nshan and St. Astvatsatsin Churches.

The Cathedral of the Holy Martyrs serves as the principal church in the city, hosting the Ordinariate for Armenia, Eastern Europe, Russia, and Georgia for the Armenian Catholic Church. This modern church was consecrated in 2015.

10. Tour the brewery

Established in 1898, the Gyumri Brewery ranks among the oldest beer production facilities in Armenia and is accessible to the public. The popular Gyumri Beer was first brewed in 1970.

The contemporary brewery operates within the historical factory structure situated on Jivani Street in the Kumayri district. This historic edifice features 7-8 meter deep cellars and two vaulted entrances.

Visitors are welcome to tour the brewery and sample the beer at various stages of the brewing process.

11. Attend a football match

Gyumri is home to one of Armenia’s most celebrated football clubs, FC Shirak. This team has clinched the Armenian Premier League championship four times and the Armenian Independence Cup once.

Recognized as the oldest football club in the country, FC Shirak plays its home games at the Gyumri City Stadium, which also holds the distinction of being the oldest football stadium in Armenia that meets UEFA standards.

The club enjoys an enthusiastic fan base, making attendance at matches a highly engaging experience, particularly with the spirited Black Panthers fan club supporting the team.

12. Visit the universities

As the primary educational hub of northern Armenia, Gyumri hosts a large number of academic institutions. Visitors can easily explore these universities, strolling around their picturesque campuses or examining their historic structures.

The Gyumri State Pedagogical Institute, established in 1934, is the oldest university in the city, featuring seven departments distributed across a beautiful campus.

The newest educational institution, Gyumri Technology Center, opened in 2014 to foster the city’s information and technology sectors. Other noteworthy universities include the Gyumri campus of Yerevan State Academy of Fine Arts and Progress University of Gyumri.

13. Enjoy views of Turkey

The Ani Overlook provides one of the most magnificent vistas in the country, extending across the Akhurian River canyon into Turkey. Located within the city of Ani, the overlook sits directly at the Turkish frontier.

With its breathtaking scenery, the overlook immerses you in the feeling of having traveled back in time. For optimal vistas, visiting in the late afternoon is recommended.

Approximately a 40-minute drive from Gyumri along Highway 17 leads you to the Ani Overlook, where photography is prohibited. However, the stunning views are bound to remain etched in your memory.

14. Explore world heritage sites

The Haghpat and Sanahin Monasteries, recognized as UNESCO World Heritage sites, are located about two hours northeast of Gyumri. They represent an essential destination for history enthusiasts and can be visited together in a single day excursion.

Both monasteries are examples of Byzantine architecture that were constructed during the Kiurikian dynasty (10th to 13th centuries). They serve as some of the most exquisite Armenian religious edifices in the nation, combining traditional local architectural styles with Byzantine influences.

Haghpat Monastery was established by Queen Khosrovanuysh and is situated on a hillside overlooking the village of Haghpat. Sanahin Monastery, founded in the 10th century, lies just west of Haghpat Monastery, with both monasteries providing views of each other.

15. Spend a day in Armenian Switzerland

The resort town of Dilijan is located at the western edge of the Dilijan National Park, approximately a 90-minute drive east of Gyumri. This town is renowned for its breathtaking scenery, earning it the nickname “Armenian Switzerland.”

The park itself ranks among Armenia’s four protected areas, celebrated for its rich biodiversity, natural springs, and lush forested landscapes. It is a perfect destination for outdoor enthusiasts who seek to enjoy the picturesque surroundings and inhale the fresh mountain air.

The park is home to over 900 species of vascular plants, 800 species of beetles, and more than 40 species of mammals. Additionally, diverse bird, fish, and reptile species can be observed throughout the area. It is indeed a remarkable location for a day trip.