Top 25 Stunning Medieval Castles Worldwide

Although the Middle Ages are commonly referred to as the Dark Ages, a period noted for its significant decline following the fall of the Roman Empire, numerous stunning artifacts, such as medieval castles, have remarkably endured through the ages.

Throughout Europe, these fortifications can be found, each exhibiting distinct characteristics. Some are located atop mountains, others appear to float on water, while some are nearly concealed by dense foliage. Medieval castles were designed to be both practical and aesthetically pleasing, as they often served as retreats for royalty and aristocrats.

Many of Europe’s medieval castles are highly recognizable, while others remain less explored. Below is a selection of the 25 most striking medieval castles in the world.

1. Eltz Castle, Germany

Eltz Castle has increasingly become one of the most photographed castles on Instagram, attracting numerous landscape photographers who capture its beauty during the haunting hours of the day.

Situated atop a hill surrounded by a dense forest, the castle conveys a sense of mystery. Nestled in Rheinland-Palatinate, known for the Moselle wine region famed for Riesling, it feels distinctly remote.

Like many medieval castles, Eltz Castle has experienced various conflicts but has never succumbed to destruction. Notably, the Eltz Family continues to possess the castle today.

2. Eilean Donan, Scotland

Eilean Donan is arguably one of the most iconic medieval castles, instantly recognizable by many. Its prominence is partly due to its feature in the 1986 film Highlander and as an essential site in the Western Highlands of Scotland. This highland treasure is set on an island amidst three sea lochs—Loch Duich, Loch Long, and Loch Alsh.

Historically, it was a fortress for the Clan Mackenzie and was established in the 13th century. Unfortunately, the original structure was destroyed in the 18th century during the Jacobite rebellions and subsequently reconstructed in the 20th century.

3. Edinburgh Castle, Scotland

Another stunning example from Scotland, the Edinburgh Castle sits prominently atop Castle Rock, overseeing the capital city. This strategic positioning was intentional, allowing for visibility of approaching enemies and presenting a formidable challenge for invaders.

The castle has not been spared from the tumultuous history involving the longstanding tensions between England and Scotland. Throughout the First and Second Wars of Scottish Independence, the castle exchanged hands multiple times between Scottish and English control.

Today, Edinburgh Castle remains a premier destination for visitors, offering guided tours and events, alongside breathtaking views.

4. Bran Castle, Romania

When discussing medieval castles, Romania is often at the forefront of the conversation. Many associate Bran Castle in Central Romania with Bram Stoker’s iconic character, although there are no direct connections.

Bran Castle is built upon the remnants of a former stronghold belonging to the Teutonic Knights dating back to the early 13th century, with its first documented mention occurring in 1377.

Located approximately 2500 feet above sea level, it majestically rises from the surrounding trees, overlooking the scenic village of Bran, characterized by several towers and turrets that evoke a mysterious atmosphere.

Today, visitors can explore the castle, traversing narrow stairways that lead to 60 timbered rooms, many of which are interconnected by underground passages.

5. Kilkenny Castle, Ireland

Kilkenny Castle in Ireland exemplifies Anglo-Norman stone architecture, having originated as a wooden fort in the latter part of the 12th century. Over the centuries, it has undergone various transformations, now reflecting multiple architectural styles, predominantly Gothic Revival.

Historically, it served as a strategic point overseeing the crossing of the River Nore. Currently, the castle is encircled by expansive gardens featuring meticulously maintained lawns, offering visitors a serene environment to appreciate its grandeur. The castle interiors are also open for tours, allowing a deep dive into its historical splendor.

6. Mont-Saint-Michel, France

Few locations in the world can compare to the enchanting Mont-Saint-Michel Bay in France. The breathtaking island, strategically positioned at the convergence of Normandy and Brittany, captures the imagination. While it may not technically be categorized as a castle, its grandeur is indisputable.

Resting atop the island is a medieval monastery that has attracted pilgrims for centuries. Legend has it that the nearby town’s bishop, Aubert, was directed by the Archangel Michael to construct a church on the island, leading to the initiation of a Benedictine abbey in the late 10th century.

The scenery surrounding the island is ever-evolving due to the rapidly changing tides of the bay. During low tide, the island can be accessed on foot, drawing hundreds of visitors daily. Informative museums, parish churches, and the abbey are available for exploration.

7. Windsor Castle, England

Among the most prominent castles in Europe is Windsor Castle in England, serving as a residence for British royalty for centuries. Since the time of Henry I in the 12th century, this Berkshire palace has functioned as the residence for the reigning monarch, thereby holding the distinction of being the longest-occupied palace in Europe.

Covering 13 acres of land, the castle comprises fortifications, a palace, and a quaint town. Presently, the castle showcases Georgian and Victorian designs, built upon its medieval foundations, complete with Gothic features.

As expected for a monarch’s residence, the castle is adorned with significant art pieces recognized throughout the world.

As one of the three official residences of the Queen, Windsor Castle remains operational, with tourism being a secondary focus. Guests may explore the State Apartments and St George’s Chapel, along with witnessing the ceremonial Changing of the Guard.

8. Castel del Monte, Italy

Contrary to the common expectation of sharp towers rising above treetops, Castel del Monte in Southern Italy presents a distinctive profile. Constructed in the 13th century by Emperor Frederick II, the castle features an ascetic, fortress-like octagonal facade that incorporates elements from classical antiquity, Islamic influence, and northern European Cistercian Gothic design.

The citadel is poised atop a rocky prominence within a secluded forest, and it has not undergone significant structural modifications throughout its history.

9. Alhambra, Spain

The palace and fortress complex known as Alhambra, located in Andalusia, Spain, was constructed in the 13th century under the direction of Nasrid emir Mohammed ben Al-Ahmar of the Emirate of Granada. Built atop the ruins of a former Roman fortification, it transformed into a royal residence in 1333, later becoming the royal court of Ferdinand and Isabella. Legend suggests that Christopher Columbus sought their endorsement for his expedition here.

Alhambra reflects the signature features of Moorish architecture, characteristic of the final Muslim dynasty on the Iberian Peninsula.

Visitor access to Alhambra is highly regulated, making advance planning essential. The complex includes the Royal Court, the Court of the Myrtles, Hall of the Ambassadors, Hall of the Abencerrajes, the Court of the Lions, a fountain, and numerous other historical features.

10. Vianden Castle, Luxembourg

In the small European nation of Luxembourg, which is bordered by France, Germany, and Belgium, one finds Vianden Castle, one of the largest fortified castles west of the Rhine.

Although its origins trace back to the 10th century, the construction of the castle spanned three centuries, primarily from the 11th to the 14th century. Vianden Castle serves as an exemplar of Romanesque architecture, characterized by semi-circular arches, with later Gothic enhancements.

Similar to many medieval castles, Vianden Castle is situated on a hill overlooking the town of Vianden.

Until the early 15th century, it served as the residence of notable counts of Vianden, who had close ties to the French royal family and the German imperial court.

11. Château de Suscinio, France

Situated in North West France along the Atlantic Ocean, Château de Suscinio was designed as the residence of the Dukes of Brittany. This late-medieval castle features a moated design, a dilapidated chapel, a dovecote, and several ruined outbuildings.

Originally intended as a manor for managing agricultural estates, the structure was expanded into a castle during the mid-12th century.

During the Wars of the Roses, the castle served as shelter for Jasper and Henry Tudors, along with other exiled Lancastrians from England.

Surrounded by marshes, the castle supports rich biodiversity with remarkable flora and fauna.

Château de Suscinio remains a unique medieval example of Western European fortifications, retaining its preservation while many have been considerably damaged by artillery fire.

12. Malbork Castle, Poland

Malbork Castle, also referred to as the Castle of the Teutonic Order in Malbork, is a 13th-century stronghold located in Northern Poland. According to UNESCO standards, it is recognized as the largest castle globally, based on land area.

Upon its completion in 1406, it ranked as the largest brick castle in the world. The castle underwent multiple expansions due to the growing number of Teutonic Knights, eventually accommodating over 3000 knights.

Strategically positioned near the Baltic Sea and River Vistula, the Teutonic Knights profited by collecting tolls from passing trade vessels.

Severely damaged during World War II, the castle has since been meticulously restored and is now accessible to visitors.

13. Trakai Island Castle, Lithuania

Similar to Malbork Castle in Poland, Trakai Island Castle in Lithuania stands as a unique, large brick fortress in Eastern Europe. Situated on Lake Galvė, its construction began in the late 14th century and was completed in the early 15th century.

Trakai was a significant center of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, holding considerable strategic value until its military role diminished after the Battle of Grunwald when the Lithuanian-Polish army triumphed.

After suffering immense damage and falling into disrepair in the 17th century, efforts to reconstruct the castle in its original style took place in the 1960s.

14. Bodiam Castle, England

Today, England’s historical significance can be appreciated through the many castles throughout the country, with Bodiam Castle being one of the most recognized examples following Windsor.

This 14th-century moated castle, located in East Sussex, was constructed by Sir Edward Dalyngrigge, a former knight of Edward III, to protect the region from French invasions during the Hundred Years’ War.

Bodiam Castle is relatively unique owing to its quadrangular design, featuring chambers situated within the outer walls and inner courtyards. Unfortunately, the interior of the castle has not been preserved.

The castle’s design includes a central courtyard, rounded and square towers, originally intended for defense, and three coats of arms atop the main gate.

15. Bojnice Castle, Slovakia

Creating a romantic and almost fairytale-like atmosphere, Bojnice Castle in Slovakia is unsurprisingly one of the nation’s most visited attractions.

Constructed in the 12th century and restored in the late 19th century, Bojnice Castle was initially owned by Matthew III Csák, who received it from King Ladislaus V of Hungary in 1302.

This castle is beautifully situated atop a travertine hill and contains an artistic and historical museum within its walls. Each late spring, the International Festival of Ghosts and Spooks takes place in this enchanting setting.

The castle is also surrounded by a spacious and picturesque park that forms an integral part of this remarkable site.

16. Hohenwerfen Castle, Austria

Transitioning from fairytale elements to a ghostly atmosphere, we arrive at Hohenwerfen Castle in Austria. Encircled by the Berchtesgaden Alps and the adjacent Tennen Mountains, this medieval rock castle is situated approximately 25 miles south of Salzburg.

Constructed in the late 11th century, the fortification was built to function as a strategic bulwark atop a 500-foot high rock. Over its history, it has served as both a military base for Salzburg rulers and a residence and hunting lodge.

Later, the castle developed a sinister reputation as a state prison.

Today, the castle complex functions as a museum, showcasing its history along with a substantial weapons collection. An added attraction is the Falconry Centre, providing flight demonstrations with various birds of prey, including eagles, falcons, hawks, and vultures.

17. Château de Pierrefonds, France

An exemplification of defensive medieval architecture, Château de Pierrefonds in France stands as a testament to robustness and grandeur. The many towers emerging above the treetops, alongside the light-colored facade, enhances the castle’s appeal.

Built in the late 14th and early 15th centuries, it was later demolished, remaining in ruins for more than two centuries. In 1810, Napoleon I purchased it for less than 3,000 francs.

Since 1862, it has been recognized as a monument of great historical significance in France and underwent extensive restoration in the late 19th century.

Throughout the years, it has appeared in numerous films and television series, contributing to its worldwide recognition.

18. Corvin Castle, Romania

When individuals hear “Transylvania,” Dracula often comes to mind; however, this region of Romania is renowned for its extensive castle heritage. Corvin Castle is a significant example that must be included alongside Bran Castle in any discussion.

The castle was constructed at the close of the Middle Ages and is designed in the Gothic-Renaissance style. Corvin Castle ranks among Europe’s largest castles.

This grand structure features towering bastions, an expansive inner courtyard, vibrant roofs, and ornate stone carvings adorning the windows and balconies. The Buzdugan Tower was erected for defensive purposes, with its exterior showcasing intricate geometric designs.

The castle functioned as a fortress until the mid-14th century, after which it became the residence of Transylvania’s voivode, Iancu de Hunedoara.

19. Hluboká Castle, Czech Republic

While numerous castles constructed during the Middle Ages served defensive functions, Hluboká Castle in the Czech Republic notably stands out for its predominantly Gothic design, endowing it with a romantic aura from the modern perspective.

Constructed in the later part of the 13th century, Hluboká underwent expansions during the Renaissance before being remodeled into a Baroque castle. Subsequently, Johann Adolf II von Schwarzenberg directed its reconstruction to embody the romantic style reminiscent of England’s Windsor Castle.

20. Doorwerth Castle, Netherlands

Located near Arnhem, the enchanting Doorwerth Castle is set against the scenic backdrop of the River Rhine. Although the first castle, likely a wooden structure, was documented in the late 13th century, it was later reconstructed in stone.

Doorwerth Castle captures the essence of a charming and idyllic design. Its picturesque settings enhance its charm, and despite being surrounded by a moat, it remains inviting.

The grounds host one of the oldest trees in Holland—an acacia planted around 1600.

Currently open to visitors, Doorwerth Castle features three museums, and its impressive great hall can accommodate events and receptions.

21. Château du Haut-Kœnigsbourg, France

Perched in the Vosges mountains, Château du Haut-Kœnigsbourg overlooks the Alsatian plain towards the Black Forest. The earliest records indicating the existence of a castle in this mountainous region date back to 1147.

This medieval stronghold contains the essential features needed to function as a fortress, with its strategic location enabling observation and retreat if required.

The ground floor accommodates living quarters, the keep, and the grand bastion, while the first-floor contains additional living spaces and beautiful chambers.

Constructed from pink sandstone, the castle harmonizes with the geological characteristics of the surrounding area.

22. Fénis Castle, Italy

Fénis Castle stands prominently atop a small knoll, differing from many fortifications built primarily for military defense. Despite its fortified design, its fundamental purpose was to serve as the seat of the Challant family.

Its design seamlessly balances robustness and harmony, featuring a pentagonal layout with rounded towers at the corners, except for a massive south-west corner tower and a square-plan tower at the southern corner. The keep is enclosed within a double perimeter wall, interlinked by watchtowers connected via walkways.

The square tower grants access to the castle, and the inner courtyard boasts a semicircular staircase and wooden balcony adorned with exquisite frescoes.

23. Castillo de Coca, Spain

Located in Central Spain in Segovia, Castillo de Coca features an extraordinary design reminiscent of structures from Game of Thrones; however, this 15th-century castle is a remarkable illustration of the Spanish Mudejar brickwork style. It integrates Moorish Muslim design elements with Gothic architectural components.

Notably, the bricks used for its construction possess unique properties, having been hardened to withstand assaults.

The geometrical patterns adorning the castle exemplify a blend of Moorish Muslim and Christian Gothic architectural styles.

The castle’s defense system comprises three tiers of wall circuits encompassed by a moat and a central keep.

24. Karlštejn Castle, Czech Republic

Completed in the mid-14th century, Karlštejn Castle in the Czech Republic was originally established as a site to safeguard various Imperial Regalia, crown jewels, holy relics, and other royal treasures.

Situated roughly 20 miles from Prague, it stands as one of the most-visited attractions in the country.

In line with its intended purpose, this castle features a comprehensive defense mechanism. It is perched on a hill, complete with a moat, drawbridge, battlement, two gates, and a bastion, with predominantly Gothic architectural elements.

25. Burghausen Castle, Germany

Burghausen Castle, with nearly all of its medieval fortifications intact, is recognized as one of the largest castle complexes in the world and holds the record for being the longest, as confirmed by the Guinness World Record company.

This Bavarian castle served as the secondary residence for the dukes of Lower Bavaria.

Constructed in the Gothic style, it encompasses an inner courtyard and five outer courtyards.

Located near the borders of Germany and Austria, the castle provides unparalleled views of its surroundings, making it a must-see destination in Lower Bavaria. The castle’s gallery showcases a remarkable collection of late Gothic panel paintings and a monumental cycle depicting the history of Bavaria.