Summary
Thanks to the energy and resiliency of its citizens, Poland has emerged as one of Europe’s most notable success stories since the fall of communism. Renowned primarily for its medieval architecture, hearty cuisine, and rich Jewish heritage, this small country on the Baltic Sea has transcended a somber past to become an increasingly popular tourist destination.
Besides medieval centers like Gdansk and Kraków, or urban hubs such as Warsaw, travelers can venture outside the metropolitan areas to experience a Poland that remains largely untouched by modernity. Revel in the mountains, sea, and a wealth of outdoor activities available.
Let us examine the top destinations to explore in Poland:
1. Wroclaw
Pronounced VRAHTS-wahv, Wroclaw is Poland’s fourth-largest city. Established in the medieval era, the city consists of several islands and features impressive bridges along with stunning architecture. Wroclaw has recently gained notable recognition.
In 2015, it was designated as one of the “Best Cities To Live” by Mercer, and due to its high living standards, it is classified as a global city by GaWC.
Visitors to Wroclaw should not overlook Salt Market Square, Centennial Hall (a UNESCO World Heritage Site), or St. Mary Magdalene Church (dating back to the 13th century).
2. Warsaw
The expansive city serves as Poland’s capital. Its long and tumultuous history is reflected in its diverse architectural styles, which include Gothic churches, Soviet-era housing units, modern skyscrapers, and neoclassical palaces.
Warsaw boasts a vibrant music scene and an active nightlife. Although the city suffered significant destruction during WWII, Old Town has been meticulously restored, faithfully reflecting its pre-war beauty, complete with cobbled streets, inviting cafes, and a profound historical ambiance.
Highlights include the historic royal residences, which are deeply intertwined with the nation’s ruling class and significant historical events. Conclude your visit with a stop at the Museum of the History of Polish Jews to explore exhibits detailing their millennium-long history.
3. Gdansk
Gdansk is one of three cities in the Pomerania region collectively known as Tri-City (Polish: Trójmiasto). This city on the Baltic coast possesses a distinct atmosphere that differentiates it from the rest of Poland. It has been sculpted by a variety of affluent merchants drawn to its port.
At the center of Gdansk lies the reconstructed Main Town, characterized by vibrant facades, shops, and restaurants. The pinnacle of the area is the Neptune Fountain, constructed in the 17th century, which serves as a symbol of the city.
After visiting St. Mary’s Church or Oliwa Archcathedral, indulge in a leisurely boat cruise along the river and enjoy a drink at a beer garden along the waterfront.
4. Gdynia
The Polish populace has designated Gdynia as a “freedom city.” Since the first free elections held in 1989, the city has significantly improved living standards and focused on development and progress. One of the three Tri-Cities, Gdynia is a fantastic port town, ideal for water enthusiasts and maritime aficionados.
Explore the Dar Pomorza, a full-rigged sailing ship constructed in 1909. Additionally, the National Marine Fisheries Research Institute and the Gdynia Aquarium are noteworthy attractions. Each summer, Gdynia hosts the Open’er Music Festival, drawing remarkable international artists.
5. Sopot
The final Tri-City locale, Sopot is a quaint seaside resort town located between Gdansk and Gdynia. It has been a retreat for royalty and the elite for centuries, even throughout the Communist era.
Sopot features pristine beaches and upscale resorts lining the coast, imparting an exclusive ambiance. The beach is often crowded with sunbathers and volleyball players. Locals recommend visiting the Wooden Pier (the longest in Europe), the vibrant Monte Casino Street, and Forest Opera set in a picturesque wooded area.
Tourists are advised not to miss Krzywy Domek, popularly known as the Crooked House for its unique Gaudi-like design.
6. Cracow
Once the capital of Poland, Cracow is now regarded as the cultural heart of the nation. Renowned for its medieval core and Jewish quarter, the city centers around the Rynek Glówny (market square), established in 1257 and currently among the largest market squares in Europe.
The thoughtfully planned streets and tree-lined pedestrian walkways make exploring the city a pleasure. Be sure to visit Jagellonian University and Wawel Castle, which served as the residence of Polish monarchs for nearly 600 years.
Additionally, don’t overlook Old Town (a UNESCO World Heritage Site), 14th-century St. Mary’s Basilica, and Cloth Hall, a magnificent Renaissance-era structure.
7. Szczecin
This small coastal town is certainly off the conventional tourist path (at least for those not from Germany). Szczecin features a blend of various cultural and architectural influences spanning different eras.
Reconstruction efforts have been extensive and challenging in this area, leading to a mix of German-era Art Nouveau buildings alongside modern glass structures, as well as neglected ruins from the war.
Highlights include Bismarck Tower, the National Museum primarily located within the Landed Gentry House, and the Ducal Castle, which served as the residence for the dukes of Pomerania-Stettin for roughly 500 years.
8. Poznan
Poznan, situated in west-central Poland, is renowned for its Renaissance-era old town, which, like much of Poland, was extensively damaged during WWII but has been beautifully restored and flourishes today.
A leisurely stroll through Poznan’s market square will imbue you with the lively energy of the town. It remains lively day and night, thanks to an array of pubs, clubs, and restaurants available.
Must-visit attractions include St. Peter and Paul Cathedral, The New Zoo, and the opportunity to enjoy water sports at Lake Malta. The Porta Posnania Interactive Heritage Centre offers insights into the origins of Poland through technological and interactive displays, while the Monument to the Victims of June 1956 is located on Plac Mickiewicza.
9. Torun
Torun is famously known as the birthplace of Nicolaus Copernicus (1473–1543). It is also recognized for its excellent gingerbread production. The city effectively combines both elements: visitors can purchase gingerbread crafted in Copernicus’s likeness.
Located in Northern Poland along the Vistula River, Torun is among the oldest cities in the nation. It provides a respite from the common tourist trail and remains largely intact since WWII, offering ample sights to admire.
Be sure to visit the Bronze Donkey statue to uncover its captivating history, the House of Copernicus, Pied Piper Fountain, and several UNESCO World Heritage sites found within the city’s medieval fortifications.
10. Malbork
Malbork is notable for one primary attraction that draws most visitors: Malbork Castle. This UNESCO World Heritage Site, completed in 1409, is recognized as Europe’s largest Gothic castle.
Breathtaking both inside and out, it is essential for any traveler to Poland. Don’t overlook Skwer Esperanto, located just beyond the remnants of the old city walls.
This park features commemorative stones established by renowned international speakers, each honoring Ludwig Zamenhof and the global language he founded.
11. Rzeszów
Founded on both banks of the Wislok River in the Sandomierska Valley, Rzeszów is one of Poland’s key urban centers. Though it may appear to be a quiet town by the river, it is actually a dynamic hub of economics and culture.
While visiting Rzeszów, do not miss Market Square, Town Hall, the public library established in 1890, the “small” and “big” synagogues, the Old Cemetery and Jewish Cemetery, the Wanda Siemaszkowa Theatre, and the “Revolution Acts” Monument.
The town’s crowning jewel is arguably the Lubomirski Palace, which dates back to the 18th century.
12. Lodz
Lodz, pronounced Woodge, is situated in the heart of the country and has a tumultuous history. Once known for its high-quality textiles, the city fell into disrepair during the 20th century and has since faced challenges in reclaiming its identity.
In recent years, significant reconstruction efforts have been initiated, regarded by many as one of Europe’s most extensive renovation projects. The main pedestrian thoroughfare, ul. Piotrkowska, has undergone a transformation. Still in the early stages of revival, Lodz is a captivating city to explore for this reason. Additionally, it is the birthplace of the Polish film industry and nicknamed “Holly-woodge.”
Notable attractions include the Alexander Nevsky Cathedral (1884), the Cinematography Museum, the Museum of Ethnography and Archaeology, the Jewish Cemetery, and the Annihilation Monument of the Litzmannstadt Ghetto—a poignant reminder of the Holocaust’s impact on the city’s Jewish population.
13. Zakopane
Zakopane is a resort destination well-favored by both domestic and international visitors, perhaps the most famous in Poland. Nestled at the base of the Tatras mountain range, it offers hiking and mountain climbing during the summer, as well as skiing and snowboarding in the winter.
With a central location, Zakopane serves as an excellent base for nearby ski areas, such as Gubalówka and Kasprowy Wierch, both accessible by funicular railways. Majestic mountain vistas abound. Travel to Morskie Oko, an emerald-green mountain lake situated just outside of town. Should you wish for a break from outdoor activities, Zakopane is recognized for its traditional wooden villas dating back to the late 19th century, many of which have been converted into museums or accommodations.
Additionally, visitors should not overlook the Old Church and Cemetery, featuring intricately carved wooden headstones that resemble oversized chess pieces.
14. Mikolajki
Mikolajki is small yet significant. Often referred to as the “Pearl of the Masuria,” it is located along the shores of Sniardwy, the largest of the Great Masurian Lakes and is a favored destination for domestic tourists.
Every summer, remarkable regattas take place here, attracting thousands of sailing enthusiasts and adventure seekers. The Festival of Sailors Songs showcases some of the best sea shanties available. Mikolajki boasts a bustling marina filled with yachts and pleasure boats.
If you cannot visit during the summer, join the winter crowd for the popular ice sailing events.
15. Swinoujscie
Swinoujscie is known as the land of 44 islands, situated in Northern Poland on the Baltic Sea and Szczecin Lagoon. Unlike other towns in Poland, Swinoujscie is composed of numerous islands, of which only three are inhabited (Uznam, Wolin, and Karsibór).
There are several delightful lighthouses to explore here, the most notable being Swinemünde Lighthouse. The island of Uznam is primarily governed by Germany, with less than 20% falling within Polish territory.
There is a diverse range of landscapes to experience among the various islands, and the natural beauty is quite breathtaking. Engaging in outdoor activities such as kitesurfing, trekking, fishing, cycling, or sailing is a must. Swinoujscie provides the ideal escape and a tranquil environment to unwind following your explorations of Poland.
