Summary
Castles stand as some of the most significant national monuments in Romania, with several being so widely recognized that their reputation transcends borders. These, primarily associated with the infamous region of Transylvania and the tales of Count Dracula, represent just a fraction of the historical edifices within the country.
Furthermore, Romania boasts numerous other castles, each showcasing distinct characteristics. While most are located in Central Romania, a considerable number can be found throughout the entire nation. Notably, Romania is also home to a wealth of fortified churches, which constitute an integral part of its cultural heritage. Many of these structures resemble castles more than traditional churches due to their fortified nature, thus presenting numerous unexpected architectural forms throughout the land. Below are 15 of the most remarkable castles in Romania.
1. Bran Castle
Bran Castle is widely regarded as the most famous castle not only in Romania but also as one of the most prominent in Europe and globally. Although often linked to the legendary Dracula, there are no substantiated historical connections between the castle and the figure.
This castle, perched on a former stronghold of the Teutonic Knights dating back to the early 13th century, was first documented in the late 14th century, specifically in 1377.
Rising impressively to 2500 feet above sea level, Bran Castle overlooks the surrounding landscape and commands the area near the village of Bran.
The castle is characterized by its numerous red-tiled towers and turrets, which not only provide a visually striking appearance but also convey a sense of mystery amid the dense forest enveloping the structure.
2. Corvin Castle
A visit to the Romanian region of Transylvania would be incomplete without experiencing one of its most iconic castles—Corvin Castle. Renowned both locally and internationally, Corvin Castle has largely gained notoriety through its association with Dracula.
The castle’s dramatic and eerie ambiance is primarily attributed to its grand structure, characterized by tall towers and adjoining turrets. Initially serving as a fortress until the mid-14th century, Corvin Castle later became the residence of Transylvania’s voivode, Iancu de Hunedoara.
Constructed in the Gothic-Renaissance style, the castle was completed in the late Middle Ages, positioning Corvin Castle among the largest in Europe.
3. Peleș Castle
The magnificent Peleș Castle was constructed in the Neo-Renaissance style, with its construction commencing in the latter part of the 19th century, specifically in 1873. This castle draws numerous visitors not only due to its undeniable allure but also due to its picturesque location in the breathtaking Carpathian Mountains, renowned for their stunning beauty across Europe.
The castle is part of a larger complex that includes Pelișor Castle and the Foișor Hunting Lodge.
The impetus for constructing the castle arose after King Carol I of Romania visited the region and was utterly enchanted by its remarkable scenery. Originally intended to serve as a retreat for hunting and summer activities, the complex embodies elegance and grandeur.
4. Pelișor Castle
Pelișor Castle distinguishes itself through its exceptional design within both Romanian and European contexts. Crafted by a Czech architect, the castle exemplifies the Art Nouveau style. Notably, Queen Marie, consort of King Ferdinand, desired the castle to encompass more than just Art Nouveau aesthetics, resulting in the incorporation of Byzantine and even Celtic elements, which yield a wholly distinctive appearance.
Constructed at the dawn of the 20th century, this castle features 99 rooms—while fewer than those found in Peleș Castle, this number remains quite impressive given its dimensions. Several rooms, including the reception area, are adorned in oak timber, reflecting the personal taste of Queen Marie.
The castle functioned as a summer residence for the royal family.
5. Săvârșin Castle
Săvârșin Castle is a Neoclassical-style country house situated on a 6.5-hectare private estate within Săvârșin Park. Formerly the residence of King Michael I of Romania, this estate served as the official countryside residence for the royal family.
Surrounded by a stunning arboretum that showcases an exceptional collection of plants, flowers, and bird species, the current mansion traces its origins back to the late 19th century. However, a prior royal dwelling existed on the site, having been occupied by Hungarian noble families for at least three centuries.
The history of the castle is quite tumultuous, as it endured the repercussions of the communist regime and suffered damage from a destructive fire.
6. Sturdza Castle
Sturdza Castle, also referred to as Sturdza Palace, comprises a historic complex that includes a palace, a church, and a monastery park. Located in Northeast Romania, the present-day Sturdza Palace reflects late Neo-Gothic architectural style and was established in the 19th century.
Previously, the castle housed an impressive collection of cultural artifacts, including books, paintings, and other artistic pieces. Regrettably, as with many castles across Romania and Europe, much of this collection succumbed to disrepair under communist rule, particularly during the invasion of Russian troops.
7. Făgăraș Citadel
Situated in Central Romania, Făgăraș Citadel, or Făgăraș Fortress, serves as a prime example of medieval defensive architecture. Erected in the 14th century on the location of an earlier wooden fortress, this citadel underwent several enhancements in subsequent centuries, ultimately becoming one of the largest structures in the Transylvanian region.
As a typical representation of medieval fortifications, Făgăraș Citadel featured a moat, a bridge—the sole entry point to the castle—and several defensive towers.
Despite its defensive nature, the citadel provided a luxurious residence for several prominent figures, including Transylvanian Prince Gabriel Bethlen and George I Rákóczi, along with their families.
Today, the castle serves as a popular tourist attraction, with both its interior and exterior open to visitors, showcasing exquisite halls, an inner courtyard, and restored underground passageways.
8. Jidvei Castle
Jidvei Castle is a striking example of French Renaissance architecture located in Central Romania. Constructed in the 16th century, the castle underwent restoration in later centuries, incorporating Baroque elements and creating an eclectic fusion of styles and decorations.
With its picturesque façade alongside the enchanting landscape and views of the village, Jidvei Castle is regarded as one of the most romantic and magical castles in Romania. The castle features large, round towers that distinctly reflect the aforementioned French architectural style.
Currently, Jidvei Castle is renowned for its winemaking and impressive wine cellars.
9. Râșnov Citadel
Râșnov Citadel is situated in one of the most visually striking locations among Romanian castles, offering breathtaking views that would have deterred attackers in centuries past. Located in Central Romania, Râșnov was constructed as part of a comprehensive defensive system for the settlements in Transylvania.
Archaeological excavations indicate that this particular site has held fortifications long before the current structure was erected. The existing medieval fortress dates back to the 13th century and is believed to have connections to the Teutonic Order.
During the early to mid-15th century, the castle faced its first siege by the Ottoman armies. Regrettably, in the early 18th century, the fortress suffered damage from a devastating fire, followed by an earthquake a century later.
The citadel comprises two courtyards, with all sides except the eastern flank protected by steep cliffs, rendering them nearly impenetrable and reinforcing the site’s defensive capabilities.
10. Biertan Fortified Church
When evoking the image of a church, one traditionally envisions a particular aesthetic; however, in Romania, many fortified churches closely resemble castles, primarily due to their fortified design. The phenomenon of fortified churches was commonplace throughout the Middle Ages during times of unrest when the church wielded substantial authority over vast territories.
Biertan Fortified Church is a Lutheran establishment constructed between the 15th and 16th centuries in Biertan, Central Romania. The current structure was erected on the foundation of a prior Romanesque church.
The fortification of the church occurred during a period of threats posed by the Ottoman army, which instigated widespread turmoil across Europe. The town populace became armed, leading to the church’s fortification, which features three layers of external defenses, gate towers, and a wooden battlement.
11. Mogoșoaia Palace
Located just a mere 10 kilometers from Bucharest, Mogoșoaia Palace, constructed between the 17th and 18th centuries, embodies the affluence and prominence of several of Romania’s most distinguished families.
Surrounded by expansive gardens, the palace emanates romantic elegance, differentiating it from many other castles nationwide, which often represent the turbulent medieval era.
Throughout its history, the palace served as a significant venue for political gatherings and discussions concerning national matters.
The exterior of the palace showcases columns and arcades, characteristic of the Brâncovanian architectural style.
12. Palace of Culture
The Palace of Culture is enchanting and exudes an air of whimsy, resembling a scene from a fairytale as it stands gracefully in the city of Iași. This Neo-Gothic structure was completed in the early 20th century and served as the Administrative and Justice Palace until 1955.
The impressive building features an extensive suite of 298 rooms, all spatially generous and majestic. The interiors represent remarkable examples of artistic and imaginative decorative styles, including a room dedicated to Romanian voivods.
Currently, the palace is home to several museums, including the Museum of Science and Technology, the Museum of Art, and the Museum of Ethnography.
13. Viscri Fortified Church
Another notable fortified church in Romania is the Viscri Fortified Church, situated in Brașov County. Constructed around the 13th century, this structure was initially connected to the Catholic Church before becoming Lutheran.
The first wave of fortifications was established around the chapel, which features protective towers and bastions, making this fortified church resemble a classic medieval fortress more than a conventional church.
Interestingly, this particular church is characterized by its flat ceilings, in contrast to the vaulted ceilings commonly found in most other Gothic churches, a feature attributed to its earlier construction period.
14. Saschiz Fortified Church
Constructed by the ethnic German Transylvanian Saxon community, the Saschiz fortified church was built in the late 15th century and dedicated to Stephen I of Hungary.
Originally encircled by an impressive defensive wall, the church also had a nearby citadel on a hill to safeguard the inhabitants of the town. However, only remnants of these structures are visible today.
Unique among fortified churches, the Saschiz fortified church maintains aesthetic harmony, with its defensive features complementing rather than detracting from its architectural integrity.
15. Valea Viilor Fortified Church
Part of the same category as the previously mentioned churches, Valea Viilor Church also ranks among the remarkable fortified churches of Transylvania. Erected between the 14th and 16th centuries, its current structure was built atop a prior church.
Throughout the years, several modifications have been implemented to ensure the structure meets the necessary fortification standards. Both entrances are guarded by protective towers and a portcullis, coupled with three bastions that have endured to the present day.
