Summary
Haarlem is an adjacent municipality to Amsterdam and serves as the capital of North Holland, boasting a metropolitan population of approximately 155,000. The city’s history extends back to pre-medieval times when early inhabitants sought trade routes to the North Sea and utilized Haarlem as a passage to reach Amsterdam.
Since the 13th century, Haarlem has been home to a significant urban center, playing a pivotal role in the political landscape of the Netherlands.
During the 1500s, the production and trade of linen and silk emerged as vital economic drivers, contributing to a notable increase in Haarlem’s population.
Following a period of decline in the 18th century, Haarlem experienced a revival in the 19th century alongside the rise of the cotton industry, establishing itself today as a flourishing city.
The city is enriched by remarkable historical edifices such as the Grote Kerk and the Cathedral of St Bavo, alongside its convenient proximity to Amsterdam, making it a preferred destination for tourists.
Let us delve into the top attractions in Haarlem:
1. Grote Kerk
Located in the Grote Markt Square, the Grote Kerk, or St. Bavokerk, is the principal church in Haarlem and stands as one of the city’s most distinguished landmarks.
Constructed in the 1500s following the destruction of an earlier wooden structure, the Grote Kerk has remained a commanding presence in the center of Haarlem.
Boasting a multitude of exquisite stained glass windows, an impressive ornate organ (which has been played by notable composers such as Mozart and Handel), and a stunning interior highlighted by wooden ceiling beams, this church exemplifies religious architecture.
2. Landmark Windmill
Windmills are emblematic of the Netherlands, and the country is home to numerous historic windmills that have withstood the test of time.
Haarlem hosts the Moeln De Adriaan Windmill, originally established in 1778. The existing structure represents a reconstruction, as the original was tragically destroyed by fire in 1938. Guided tours of the windmill and its accompanying museum are available, allowing visitors to explore its history, as well as the history of Haarlem and the grain milling process.
Be sure to traverse the river to capture stunning photographs of this remarkable landmark, beautifully set against the picturesque landscape along the Spaarne River.
3. Cathedral of St Bavo
Few cathedrals in Western Europe exhibit the grandeur and phenomenal design comparable to the Cathedral of Saint Bavo.
Despite its location in a relatively tranquil city, the cathedral has graced Haarlem’s landscape since the late 1800s.
Originally built to replace the prior church of St. Joseph, the cathedral currently serves as the principal Roman Catholic Church in the Haarlem-Amsterdam region.
Its striking Neo-baroque design is characterized by an abundance of turrets and towers, two prominent bell towers, and a grand central dome.
Within the cathedral, soaring ceilings adorned with high archways and vibrant stained glass windows create an atmosphere of awe and spirituality.
This impressive structure dominates the skyline and provides a profound insight into Haarlem’s religious heritage.
4. Frans Hals Museum
As one of the most well-attended cultural institutions in Haarlem, the Frans Hals Museum showcases a substantial collection of works by its namesake artist, alongside an array of modern artworks.
In addition to the outstanding collection of art, the museum’s architecture and inner courtyard are visually stunning. The courtyard is adorned with several small hedge mazes, floral arrangements, and seating areas, while the building itself features a traditional Dutch design with meticulous decoration.
Among the museum’s most captivating collections are the masterpieces by Frans Hals, where you can admire his enchanting paintings and uncover insights about the life of this Golden Age artist.
5. Teylers Museum
Set along the Spaarne River, the Teylers Museum offers a trifecta of attractions through its collections of art, natural history, and science.
The oval room, with its floor-to-ceiling wooden paneling and intricate decor, serves as an extraordinary centerpiece.
Within this remarkable museum, visitors can discover collections of prehistoric fossils and minerals, works by Michelangelo, and an extensive library.
This diverse museum presents a rich array of exhibits that cater to a variety of interests, making it a truly captivating venue to explore.
6. Bloemendaal Aan Zee beach
The coastline adjacent to Haarlem boasts breathtaking scenery with extensive stretches of golden sand and well-maintained beach resorts.
Bloemendaal Aan Zee is a prime example and can be reached via the main N200 highway that traverses the center of Haarlem.
After a brief 20-minute drive, you will arrive at this inviting resort, with ample public parking available.
Here, you will discover over 4.3 km of sandy beaches, along with numerous bars, restaurants, beach shops, and amusements—a quintessential seaside resort and an ideal setting for a family day out under the sun.
7. Haarlemmerhout
Haarlemmerhout proudly holds the distinction of being the oldest public park in the Netherlands, remaining largely unchanged in its design since the 1500s.
Mainly composed of woodlands, the park features numerous trails for leisurely walks.
Throughout the park, visitors can discover various monuments and information plaques, such as the Laurens Janszoon Coster monument, which honors the inventor of the printing press, and the Camera Obscura sculpture.
As the seasons shift, so too does the park’s color and atmosphere; regardless of when you visit, you are guaranteed to be enchanted by its beauty.
8. Corrie Ten Boom House
During World War II, the Netherlands suffered under Axis occupation, prompting many to seek refuge from persecution.
Some individuals, like Corrie Ten Boom and her family, opened their home to assist those in danger, helping them evade Axis forces.
A museum is now established, detailing the Ten Boom family’s endeavors and their significant impact in this region of the Netherlands during the occupation.
Furthermore, the residence where the family sheltered fugitives has been recreated, offering visitors a glimpse into life during this tumultuous period.
9. Amsterdamse Poort
Another prominent historical structure in Haarlem, the Amsterdamse Poort is an iconic gatehouse situated near the Spaarne River. It was originally part of the city’s fortifications established in the 17th century.
Recently renovated, the gatehouse now stands in excellent condition, offering an impressive architectural sight.
Walk through the archway to view the main tower or cross to the opposite side of the canal for some striking photographs.
Although the building cannot be accessed by the public, it remains a vital historical monument and a beautiful landmark at the heart of Haarlem.
10. NZH Public Transport Museum
Nestled in the eastern industrial district of Haarlem, the NZH Public Transport Museum offers a unique experience distinct from conventional art-centric museums.
The museum features an engaging collection of exhibits and artifacts related to public transportation, including buses and trams.
Its principal mission is to preserve the heritage and history of public transport in the Kennemerland region of North Holland, showcasing numerous vintage tram cars.
A notable feature of the museum is its collection of public buses dating back to the 1960s.
11. Haarlem City Hall
A superb illustration of medieval civic architecture, the City Hall in Haarlem is located opposite St. Bavokerk in the Grote Markt.
While part of the structure dates back to the Middle Ages, the notable white and red façade was added later in the 1600s.
As you explore the historic town center and the Grote Markt, do not miss the opportunity to admire the City Hall’s exquisite architecture and rich history.
12. Proveniershuis
A magnificent structure, reminiscent in style and design to the City Hall, the Proveniershuis is located approximately a five-minute walk from the Grote Markt.
This hofje (a type of housing complex with a courtyard) was established in the 1500s, serving various functions, including housing for the elderly and as a convent.
Stroll through the serene courtyard at the heart of the Proveniershuis, taking in the various flowers, plants, and trees, while appreciating the striking architecture of this historical building.
13. Nieuwe Kerk
Situated near both the historic town center and the Frans Hals Museum, the Nieuwe Kerk is a Protestant church that has stood since the early 1600s.
The church is marked by a grand bell tower adorned with an intricate dome and gilded clock face.
Its unique design showcases classical elements distinct from other structures in the city.
Inside, the church features an exquisitely decorated ceiling, marble columns, and paintings by 17th-century artist Pieter Saenredam.
14. Grote Markt
The central market square in Haarlem, the Grote Markt, is nestled in the heart of the old town and features the impressive Grote Kerk.
In addition to the church, the square is lined with a variety of shops, bars, and restaurants offering outdoor seating.
Relax with a coffee, indulge in a delicious Dutch meal, or enjoy some leisurely shopping.
Markets, events, and fairs are frequently hosted in the square, so depending on your timing, you might have the opportunity to experience something special.
Rich with stunning architecture and charming medieval buildings, the Grote Markt and adjacent streets make for a delightful visit.
15. Take a day trip into Amsterdam
While Haarlem is undoubtedly a remarkable tourist destination in its own right, its proximity to the nation’s capital makes it practical to incorporate a visit to Amsterdam during your stay.
Public transport from the center of Haarlem takes merely 15-20 minutes to arrive in Amsterdam’s city center, allowing for an efficient day trip to explore.
Amsterdam is a renowned destination, replete with an impressive variety of attractions, including the Heineken Experience, the Anne Frank House, the stunning canal network, and the Rijksmuseum.
