Explore 11 Stunningly Crafted Abandoned Step Wells in India

India’s abandoned step wells are an essential part of the country’s history and architecture, originating primarily between the 2nd and 4th centuries. They served multiple purposes, such as supplying water from deep water tables, providing shade, and serving as temples, community centers, and stopovers on trade routes.

Most step wells are located in the hot, arid states of northern India, particularly in Gujarat, Rajasthan, and Haryana. Prior to British colonization, thousands of step wells existed. However, advancements in plumbing led to many being forgotten or destroyed.

Known as vavs in Gujarat and baolis (or baoris) elsewhere, these structures showcase remarkable engineering and architecture, featuring variations in shape and entrances depending on their surroundings. Unfortunately, many remain neglected and deteriorated. The following well-maintained step wells are worth visiting:

1. Rani ki Vav, Patan, Gujarat

Rani ki Vav, also known as the Queen’s Step Well, is a UNESCO World Heritage site that dates back to the 11th century. Constructed during the Solanki dynasty, it was built in memory of ruler Bhimdev I by his widowed wife. After being flooded and neglected for years, its excavation revealed more than 500 sculptures and intricate carvings. The architecture of the step well is designed as an inverted temple, displaying stunning artistry of Hindu gods and celestial beings.

• How to Get There: Located in Patan, around 130 kilometers from Ahmedabad.
• Entrance Fee: 15 rupees for Indians, 200 rupees for foreigners.

2. Chand Baori, Abhaneri, Rajasthan

Chand Baori, known as the Moon Step Well, is one of India’s deepest step wells, with a depth of around 100 feet. Built between the 8th and 9th centuries, this magnificent structure features an array of zigzagging steps and royal pavilions for the king and queen. Locals share stories that it was built by ghosts in a single night. A cultural festival held annually in September promotes rural tourism.

• How to Get There: Located in Abhaneri village, between Agra and Jaipur along the Jaipur-Agra Road.
• Entrance Fee: Free.

3. Adalaj Step Well, Gujarat

The Adalaj Step Well, completed in 1499, signifies a blend of Indo-Islamic architecture thriving in Gujarat. Constructed by Rana Veer Singh for his wife Rani Roopba, the well remains stunning with its intricate carvings and symbolism. Despite its tragic history involving the forced marriage of Rani Roopba, the step well boasts remarkable detailing, including representations of daily life and mythology.

• How to Get There: Located 18 kilometers north of Ahmedabad.
• Entrance Fee: Free.

4. Dada Hari Step Well, Ahmedabad, Gujarat

The Dada Hari Step Well, completed in 1500, features a beautiful spiral staircase leading down past stunning carvings and ornate pillars. The deeper you descend, the better preserved the sculptures become, making it a hidden gem worth exploring during a visit to Ahmedabad when sunlight illuminates the structure.

• How to Get There: Located on the eastern side of Ahmedabad Old City.
• Entrance Fee: Free.

5. Agrasen ki Baoli, Delhi

Agrasen ki Baoli, situated near Connaught Place, is a favorite among college students and offers a rich history. It is often said to have been built by King Agrasen and later restored by the Agrawal community. This step well once featured a significant water body, but now it stands dry, allowing visitors to explore its depths.

• How to Get There: Located off Hailey Road near Kasturba Gandhi Marg.
• Entrance Fee: Free.

6. Rajon ki Baoli, Delhi

Rajon ki Baoli, built in 1512, is located within the Mehrauli Archaeological Park. Named after the masons who inhabited it, this step well features significant historical architecture, including an adjacent mosque built by Daulat Khan Lodi. Visitors can explore the well’s craftsmanship and nearby less decorative Gandhak ki Baoli.

• How to Get There: Approximately 700 meters from the Jamali Kamali tomb in Mehrauli Archaeological Park.
• Entrance Fee: Free.

7. Toorji ka Jhalra, Jodhpur, Rajasthan

Toorji ka Jhalra, located in Jodhpur’s Old City, was constructed in the early 18th century. Initially neglected, it has recently undergone restoration as part of urban regeneration efforts, turning it into a lively space featuring contemporary cafes and shops in heritage buildings around Step Well Square.

• How to Get There: About a 10-minute walk from Mehrangarh Fort.
• Entrance Fee: Free.

8. Panna Meena ka Kund, Amber, Rajasthan

Panna Meena ka Kund is a lesser-known step well located behind Amber Fort. Although overshadowed by the fort’s grandeur, it features excellent architectural craftsmanship. The step well’s history remains vague, but it is believed to be around 450 years old.

• How to Get There: Follow Amer Road to the back of the fort, adjacent to Anokhi Museum.
• Entrance Fee: Free.

9. Nahargarh Step Well, Jaipur, Rajasthan

Located near Jaipur’s Nahargarh Fort, this step well is uniquely unsymmetrical to follow the hill’s contours, contributing to its historical water catchment system, established in 1734. The well’s dramatic presence has made it a feature in numerous films.

• How to Get There: Reachable by a steep trek or by road through Amber.
• Entrance Fee: Requires tickets to enter the fort itself.

10. Muskin Bhanvi, Lakkundi, Karnataka

Muskin Bhanvi, a hidden gem in the village of Lakkundi, offers exquisite 12th-century architecture connected to the Manikesvara temple. During your visit, take part in the annual Lakkundi Utsav, celebrating the region’s wells and temples.

• How to Get There: Located about an hour and a half from Hubballi, or two and a half hours from Hampi via National Highway 67.
• Entrance Fee: Free.

11. Shahi Baoli, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh

Shahi Baoli, part of the historic Bada Imambara complex in Lucknow, served both as a reservoir and royal guesthouse. Its design allowed for discreet viewing of visitors, adding to its charm. Crane your neck to admire the intricate architecture of the step well.

• How to Get There: Located on the eastern side of the Bada Imambara complex.
• Entrance Fee: 20 rupees for Indians, 200 rupees for foreigners.