Half Dome Hike: Your Complete Guide

Looking for the ultimate Yosemite day hike? Half Dome is one for your hiking bucket list and is easily one of the most famous in Yosemite National Park. It is not for beginners; you’ll need good fitness and technical ability. However, if you are an experienced hiker, setting your eyes on reaching the top of Half Dome is a worthy challenge.

Ready to hike up to Half Dome? This guide will tell you everything you need to know about the Half Dome hike. From what to expect along the way to a breakdown of the best times for hiking Half Dome, we’ve got you covered.

What is Half Dome?

First off, what is Half Dome? Half Dome is a massive granite rock formation located in the east of Yosemite Valley. The dome gets its name from its characteristic shape: a smooth curve on one side and a sheer drop on the other. The rock is, quite literally, a half dome.

Half Dome is an impressive 8,800 feet (2682 meters) above sea level that rises 4,800 feet (1463 meters) above Yosemite Valley. The rock formation is essentially an exposed magma chamber, revealed through the uplift and erosion of rocks above and around it. The curved side was shaped by exfoliation – a form of weathering. The flat, vertical side of the rock has also been shaped by weathering, with glaciation contributing to the form we see today.

Half Dome doesn’t just get its fame from its looks; the Half Dome hike is renowned as one of the most challenging hikes in the US. You can place hiking Half Dome alongside Angel’s Landing in Zion NP, and all the trails that promise an adrenaline rush. Half Dome wasn’t first climbed until 1875, when George Anderson tackled the rock, drilling holes into the granite to create an early version of the current cable route. Nowadays, Half Dome is very popular with day hikers on a round trip. However, there are routes and detours that cater to multi-day hikers as well.

Half Dome is a unique natural attraction and day hike in Yosemite National Park. It is also among the best places to visit in the US for outdoor enthusiasts. Now that you are more familiar with it, let’s dive straight into the rest of our guide.

What to know before you hike Half Dome

One of the most critical things we have learned after tackling many challenging trails is that preparation is essential. You don’t want to arrive only to find the trail closed or that you must apply for a Half Dome permit. This section will cover the essentials – the items you should absolutely know before hiking the Half Dome trail.

Yosemite National Park has strict regulations.

Forget simply deciding to climb Half Dome at the last minute; just entering Yosemite National Park requires a good level of planning. The national park has frequent regulations and restrictions enforced by park rangers, so be prepared for potential fines.

During peak hours, you may need a reservation to enter or drive in Yosemite National Park, which you’ll need to arrange beforehand. Other restrictions might necessitate a detour or two. For instance, some roads may be closed for maintenance, such as Glacier Point Road being closed throughout 2022. You can check the official Yosemite National Park website for road closures or other important updates.

Half Dome hike is only open in certain months

The Half Dome hike is not available year-round. The Half Dome cables are typically removed on Columbus Day in October and reinstalled on Memorial Day in May. Therefore, if you visit after Columbus Day or before Memorial Day, don’t expect to climb Half Dome. Without the cable route intact, it is impossible.

Getting a Half Dome permit

If you weren’t aware, Half Dome has a strict permit system. Instead of applying directly, you enter a lottery system to be awarded permits. You can enter the pre-season lottery or try your luck with a daily lottery. The daily lottery operates two days in advance, so you’ll have a two-day warning if you get the go-ahead to hike Half Dome. There is a cap of 300 hikers per day – we’ll cross our fingers for you.

Hikers wishing to camp also need wilderness permits. You can stay overnight at Little Yosemite Valley Campground to enhance your exciting experience with wilderness permit reservations.

There are different trail options

There isn’t just one route to tackle Half Dome. While there is only one final section (the Half Dome cables), various trail options exist to reach that point. After Vernal Falls Bridge, the path branches into two, allowing you to select the Mist Trail or John Muir Trail.

The Mist Trail and John Muir Trail are the most popular main route options. However, if you seek an extra challenge, you can complete the Half Dome Trail via Glacier Point or Tenaya Lake. These routes are less traveled and more demanding in terms of stamina – just ensure you’ve applied for your wilderness permit to camp.

So, which trail should you select? We’ll take a closer look below.

Which trail to choose to hike Half Dome

Selecting a trail not only impacts your hiking experience but can also define it, affecting your views, attractions, and whether you complete Half Dome as a single-day round trip or a multi-day adventure. Let’s examine your options, enabling you to pick the best route for your Half Dome hike.

The John Muir Trail and Mist Trail are the two trails from which you can choose for the hike. John Muir Trail is the most popular route at 17 miles long, adding 1.5 miles to the journey, but offering incredible viewpoints of Nevada Falls and a unique view of Half Dome. It is also significantly less steep than the Mist Trail – allowing you to choose between an additional 1.5 miles of easier terrain or a shorter, steeper route.

The Mist Trail is 14 miles long and involves sets of wet, slippery stairs. You’ll have fantastic views of Vernal Falls as you ascend the steps right alongside them, getting so close that you’ll be enveloped in waterfall spray. However, if the idea of steep, slippery stairs does not appeal to you, we recommend opting for the Muir Trail.

Lastly, you could also choose to hike Half Dome from Glacier Point. This 20-mile trail is much less traveled due to its demanding length and fitness requirements. However, if you’re seeking a challenge, it combines experiencing Half Dome with the beautiful viewpoint at Glacier Point.

If you want more adventure…

If you’re looking for more adventure, you can also tackle the Half Dome hike via different routes to transform your hike into a multi-day experience.

Tenaya Lake, an exquisite alpine lake formed by glacial action, lies northeast of Half Dome. You can connect hiking Tenaya Lake and Half Dome into a 23-mile route, best undertaken over multiple days.

Additionally, consider extending your stay at Little Yosemite Valley Campground with the John Muir Trail or Mist Trail. Although any overnight stay requires wilderness permits, it’s definitely worth the effort. This allows you to enjoy the classic hike along with a camping experience.

How to get to Half Dome trailhead

To hike the two most popular trails (the John Muir Trail and Mist Trail), you’ll start at Yosemite Valley Trailhead Parking on the Happy Isle Loop Road. It’s then a short 0.5-mile hike from ‘Happy Isles’ Trailhead to Half Dome Trailhead – where your journey begins.

The easiest way to reach the trailhead is to drive. If you’re wondering where to park, don’t worry as the trailhead parking lot provides plenty of spaces. The roads to Yosemite National Park are well-connected to nearby cities. For instance, it takes just under four hours to drive to the trailhead from San Francisco.

An alternative is to drive to Yosemite National Park and then use the shuttle service. The national park operates a regular bus service connecting all attractions and trailheads. In summer, the East Yosemite Valley service runs every eight to twelve minutes, between 7 am and 10 pm.

Finally, consider taking a guided tour of Half Dome, which typically includes transportation, like this one here.

What to expect When hiking Half Dome

What to expect when hiking Half Dome is an important question. We’ll discuss general expectations for the hike and then focus on the experience of hiking Half Dome via the Muir Trail. Ready? Let’s dive into it.

First off, expect to be hiking for upwards of nine hours, regardless of your chosen trail – a reality that sounds pretty daunting when stated outright. You’ll be walking from sunrise, returning in the late evening if embarking on a Half Dome day hike. It’s no easy feat, and you should anticipate being pushed to the limits of your physical and mental capacity. Steep and slippery areas of the trail abound, along with exposed sections devoid of protection from the sun. Consequently, the Half Dome hike is undeniably challenging.

However, you can also anticipate Half Dome being one of the most rewarding hikes in the US. Along the path, you’ll encounter stunning waterfalls and serene viewpoints, facing challenges that cultivate a profound sense of achievement. Since securing Half Dome permits is often a stroke of luck, there’s an uplifting atmosphere among fellow hikers. After all, hiking to Half Dome is a privilege. This supportive spirit is often mentioned as one of the highlights of walking to Half Dome.

It’s said that around 20-30% of hikers decide to turn back upon reaching the cable route, which is by far the scariest part of the hike. By the time you arrive at this route, however, you’ll likely find a steadily moving queue forming. You can count on receiving words of encouragement or reassurance from fellow hikers, ensuring a sense of camaraderie. Whether you decide to tackle the last 400 feet or turn back, the positive atmosphere reinforces the notion that “we are all in this together.”

In terms of facilities, the only flush toilets available are at Vernal Falls Footbridge. Composting toilets are located near Emerald Pool, Nevada Falls, and Little Yosemite Valley. Just remember to carry your own toilet paper. You can fill your water at Vernal Falls Footbridge, so it’s wise to plan a refill stop there on your ascent and descent.

So, what can you expect when hiking the Muir Trail? The route is straightforward to navigate. Starting from the parking lot at the ‘Happy Isles’ Trailhead, it’s a leisurely stroll along the Happy Isle Loop Road for about half a mile. You will cross the Merced River over the Happy Isles Bridge, then take a right at the fork to join the Muir Trail.

Looping past Sierra Point, you will cross the Merced River a second time via Vernal Falls Bridge, followed by the uphill switchbacks as the trail winds out of the valley floor. From here, you’ll pass Nevada Falls, Liberty Cap, and Little Yosemite Valley, ultimately reaching the Half Dome trailhead. Before tackling the metal cables, you’ll hike to the Sub Dome summit, which boasts breathtaking views over Yosemite.

You’ll then conquer the Half Dome cables, a 400-foot section of ascent at a steep 45–55-degree angle. Wooden supports are installed every 15 feet or so, providing perches to rest, along with two metal cables for support and balance. A Via Ferrata harness is optional; however, an increasing number of hikers are now bringing climbing gear following recent accidents. After completing the renowned (and intimidating) cable route, you’ll arrive at the summit of Half Dome.

The John Muir Trail showcases a total elevation gain of 1,582 meters and is recognized as a challenging route. Typically, it takes ten hours to complete the round trip hike. However, we advise allowing twelve hours for safety. This extra time permits stops at attractions like Nevada Falls along the way, providing plenty to admire before reaching Half Dome.

What are the best things to see and do on the Half Dome hike?

As previously mentioned, many natural attractions along the way to the Half Dome summit double up as prominent points for navigation, ensuring you’ll effortlessly sightsee as you progress. This section highlights the best things to see and do en route.

Nevada Fall

The Merced River enhances the Half Dome hike, boasting numerous waterfalls and dramatic river scenes to admire throughout. Nevada Fall is an impressive waterfall that plunges from its granite cliff face into the valley below. Hikers enjoy a view of this cascade while traversing to Half Dome, crossing the river just upstream of the falls.

Vernal Fall

Vernal Fall is yet another striking waterfall courtesy of the Merced River. Plummeting 317 feet from a granite cliff face, it is situated just before Nevada Fall. You can approach Vernal Fall via the Mist Trail, navigating over 600 ruggedly cut granite steps and experiencing the waterfall spray.

Sub Dome

In the rush to reach the summit of Half Dome, many hikers overlook the beauty of Sub Dome. This spot is a spectacular preview of the final ascent. It offers stunning views over the surrounding granite domes and the wooded landscapes below.

Little Yosemite Valley

You’ll traverse Little Yosemite Valley on a sandy trail that winds through woodland and wilderness. This beautiful landscape offers opportunities to spot black bears, deer, coyotes, and maybe even bobcats for the keen-eyed.

Liberty Cap

Liberty Cap is a massive granite dome reminiscent of Half Dome. You’ll encounter this dome just after passing Nevada Fall. Moreover, you can admire Liberty Cap from both the Sub Dome and Half Dome summits. Keep an eye out for it, as it serves as an impressive natural landmark.

Olmsted Point

Although Olmsted Point might not be directly on your path, you can easily add it as a detour. This scenic lookout provides sweeping views over Half Dome and Tenaya Canyon. Adding this stop is a fabulous option during a multi-day hike, as you won’t be pressed for time. In case you cannot squeeze in a hike to Olmsted Point, drive along Tioga Road and make a point to visit. It offers a fantastic perspective on the climb you’ve just completed.

Clouds Rest

Clouds Rest is another excellent detour option; however, be warned that this mountain presents a strenuous hike. This trek is worth considering if you plan to hike Half Dome over several days and are in excellent physical condition. The summit views are stunning and provide a unique perspective of Half Dome. Most people combine the hikes to Clouds Rest and Half Dome over a span of three to four days.

Glacier Point

As previously mentioned, some hikers prefer starting at Glacier Point rather than Happy Isles. While this route is significantly longer, it is incredibly scenic and rewards persistence with beautiful panoramas. If the idea of hiking 20 miles of challenging terrain in a single day doesn’t deter you, then Glacier Point offers one of the best sights during a Half Dome hike. You’ll also find Washburn Point and Glacier Point Trailside Museum along Glacier Point Road, the route to access the trailhead.

Please note that road improvements have closed Glacier Point Road for all of 2022, and delays are expected during 2023 until maintenance is complete.

What to bring on the Half Dome hike

As previously noted, preparation is crucial. Many hikes across the US can be tackled in casual clothing and running shoes, yielding a fantastic experience. However, it’s essential to recognize that the Half Dome hike necessitates reliable gear and clothing. At the very least, you should leave worn-out footwear behind; at most, consider bringing climbing gear like a harness. Here, we’ll discuss all the crucial items for your Half Dome trek.

Firstly, decide whether you plan to embark on a backpacking trip or a strenuous day hike. If opting for a multi-day backpacking expedition, you’ll need to pack additional food, water, and camping gear. Little Yosemite Valley Campground enables you to leave your tent and other non-valuable items at the campsite while you hike the final stretch of Half Dome trail.

This arrangement is fortunate, as you won’t need to conquer the Half Dome cables while carrying your tent. However, you should still limit the valuables you bring along in order to safely store items in your tent. A bear box is necessary for storing food securely while you’re away.

Always carry ample water, toilet paper, sunscreen, bear spray, and a Half Dome Trail map since cell phone signals can be unreliable. For day hikers tackling the round trip, less food and water may be needed, but it’s prudent to carry a bit more than you anticipate. Some high-energy snacks can be a great pick-me-up during the toughest segments of the trail.

Bringing along a basic first aid kit and a Via Ferrata climbing harness is advisable. A first aid kit can be a lifesaver in minor accidents. A Via Ferrata harness can provide additional safety on the Half Dome cables. These cables aren’t designed for use as a Via Ferrata route, and poles can sometimes become loose, making climbing without being strapped to the cables risky. However, having that extra security can give peace of mind, especially for those with a fear of heights or during busy days.

Lastly, consider which clothing you should wear. Sturdy footwear with a solid grip is essential. The rock on the Half Dome cables section is polished and slippery; poor grip footwear spells disaster. The stairway section beside Vernal Fall likewise requires a good grip due to splash from the waterfall. Similarly, descending from Little Yosemite Valley necessitates good ankle support to navigate the sandy area while feeling fatigued.

A peaked hat is another strong recommendation as much of the trail remains exposed to the elements, particularly during the final climb up the Half Dome cables. The last thing you want is to battle heatstroke and sunburn while navigating the hardest segment of the climb. Thick gloves with a strong grip are also recommended for tackling the Half Dome cables.

In this section, you’ll really rely on your upper body strength while holding onto the metal cables, so gloves will help avoid blisters and make the task significantly easier. Once you’ve finished your climb, consider gifting your gloves to another climber, eliminating the need to carry them back down.

Finally, don’t forget all standard hiking essentials. Ensure you bring suitable layers (including a waterproof, windproof coat) and comfortable, well-fitting clothing.

Best time to hike to Half Dome

The fact that the Half Dome cables are operational only from Memorial Day to Columbus Day already narrows down the best time to hike Half Dome. If you’re eager to embark on this trek, securing a Half Dome permit is essential for visits between May and October.

Typically, September is the least crowded month for climbing Half Dome. Day hikers should commence their journey as early as possible to maximize daylight hours, given that September experiences shorter days compared to summer. You can also find accommodation in Curry Village, just a fifteen-minute walk from the ‘Happy Isles’ trailhead, making it a fantastic nearby option for an early start.

During September, you’ll benefit from reduced crowds and cooler temperatures, enhancing your climbing experience. Campsites often have more availability, and you may have better luck in the permit lottery if there are fewer entries.

If you wish to tackle the cables with as few people as possible, aim to arrive around 8 am. Arriving between 11 am and 12 pm guarantees you will encounter crowds and may be forced to wait in line to complete the final section.

Important Note: Avoid hiking Half Dome if storms or heavy rain are predicted. Such weather conditions can render the trail extremely hazardous. If a storm approaches, the best decision is to turn back or seek shelter in a building, such as a restroom if accessible.

While obtaining Half Dome permits is exciting, it is never worth exerting yourself on a high-risk trail when you can simply re-enter the lottery. Heavy rain can make the trail entirely inaccessible, hence the hiking season for Half Dome aligns with the driest months.

How difficult is the Half Dome hike?

In summary, the Half Dome hike is indeed challenging. The mileage and elevation gain are substantial, with risky sections along the route. More than twenty people have tragically lost their lives attempting the Half Dome trail, and over forty individuals have succumbed to accidents on routes leading to the final section. The risks are real, and prioritizing safety is crucial. Successful Half Dome hikers are adventurous, yet sensible.

Trail lengths vary between 14.2 miles and 23 miles, so choosing the route that best aligns with your fitness level is imperative. Technically, you could tackle the Half Dome hike without prior training, but you’d need otherwise good health and a baseline fitness level. Preparation and training leading up to the hike will substantially increase your chances of success.

Moreover, hiking when fatigued increases the risk of slipping and accidents, making improved fitness essential for a stronger, safer hike.

If uncertain about your physical capabilities for completing a round trip in one day, consider applying for a wilderness permit. This allows you to camp at Little Yosemite Valley Campground, enabling you to break the distance into two days.

To Conclude

The Half Dome hike ranks among the most popular hiking trails in the US – securing a top place on many hiking enthusiasts’ bucket lists. While it may be challenging, it epitomizes the idea that ‘nothing good in life comes easy.’ The magnificent granite dome is a beloved and respected landmark in Yosemite, definitely worth the effort if you’re up for the challenge.

Remember, there’s no shame in reaching the cables and deciding to turn back. If you don’t feel confident, prioritize safety for yourself and others. The stunning views leading up to that point offer more than enough reason to embark on this hike.

Feeling inspired? You may want to check out some of our other favorite hikes in California or explore the wonders of the United States as a whole. Additionally, there are numerous things to do in Yosemite National Park. Plan to dedicate substantial time to explore the surrounding area after completing Half Dome. Any adventure in the national park will be unforgettable, and we wish you an inspiring and successful trip!