Stunning Photos of the Unique Wildlife in the Galapagos Islands

What makes the Galapagos Islands so special to visit? The animals of course! The animals in the Galapagos Islands are part of a unique ecosystem that houses species endemic only to the islands.

It was Charles Darwin who brought the Galapagos animals to the world’s attention when he joined Captain Fitzroy on the HMS Beagle on a five-year journey around the world. The unique ecosystem of the Galapagos helped him eventually develop his theory of evolution through natural selection.

Unique Galapagos Animals

When visiting the Galapagos, we saw numerous bird species, land mammals, and marine life that are completely unique to the islands. Due to the remote nature of these islands, the local animals have adapted perfectly to their environments.

There are more than 200 species of animals in the Galapagos Islands, primarily consisting of various bird species, followed by reptiles, marine life, and finally, mammals.

The challenging journey these animals faced over open waters to reach the islands explains the limited number of mammals present. Among the 200+ animal species, only 32 are classified as mammals.

About Galapagos Wildlife

How did the animals get to the Galapagos Islands? It is believed that they were carried by wind and water currents. Birds, seals, turtles, and penguins were swept off their migratory paths and persevered to reach the shores of the Galapagos Islands to thrive and survive.

Some land mammals are believed to have arrived on vegetation rafts. This is indeed an astounding feat, considering they had to survive for weeks at sea without food, water, or shelter. The harsh conditions they faced on their journeys from the mainland have aided their adaptation to the challenging environment and climate of the Galapagos.

Galapagos Tortoise

The Galapagos Giant Tortoises are undeniably the focal point of the Galapagos. These gentle giants can weigh over 500 lbs and live for more than 100 years.

Once hunted to the brink of extinction due to human invasion in the 16th century, the population dwindled to under 3,000. Four species of the Giant Tortoise are now completely extinct, while the remainder is listed as endangered. Fortunately, conservation efforts are now underway, including breeding programs.

Blue Footed Booby

One of the most charming birds in the Galapagos is the Blue-Footed Booby. While they can be found in other regions of the Pacific Ocean, they are abundant in the Galapagos, where half the breeding population resides.

The male boobies showcase their vibrant blue feet in an elaborate mating ritual, taking great pride in their colorful appendages. Don’t you just enjoy saying the word “booby”?

Interestingly, the origin of the word “booby” comes from the term “BoBo,” which translates to “foolish clown.” Now we understand the name of the clown!

Red Footed Booby

Keep an eye out for the Red Footed Booby, as its striking red feet contrast beautifully against its blue bill and pouch. However, spotting them can be tricky since they are frequently mistaken for the Nazca Booby, which lacks the colorful appendages of its relatives. Trust me, it can be more challenging than it appears to discern between the bright red and blue feet!

If you are a bird enthusiast, the Genovesa Island is an essential destination. Known as Bird Island, it offers a chance to see Red Footed Boobies and Nazca Boobies, alongside yellow-crowned lava herons, short-eared owls, Galapagos Hawks, and fluffball chicks. Interestingly, the short-eared owl and the Galapagos Hawk have evolved to hunt at different times to reduce competition. It’s yet another demonstration of wildlife adaptation in the Galapagos.

Galapagos Penguins

Seeing a penguin is always thrilling, but encountering a Galapagos Penguin is even more special, as it is the only penguin species found north of the Equator. These diminutive penguins reach a height of about 19 inches.

Unfortunately, these adorable creatures are endangered, with fewer than 2,000 left. Their numbers are declining due to factors such as climate change and the introduction of non-native animals, like dogs and cats, that pose disease risks.

Like many species in the Galapagos Islands, the Galapagos Penguin is endemic only to this region. You will primarily find them on Fernandina Island and Isabela Island. While kayaking around Isabella Island, we encountered several, although they can also be spotted on other islands.

Galapagos Marine Iguana

One of the most extraordinary animals we observed in the Galapagos was the Marine Iguana. We were astonished to witness one feeding on the ocean floor while snorkeling.

This unique iguana, which feeds on underwater algae and seaweed, is exclusively found in the Galapagos. Charles Darwin referred to them as hideous; however, we found them rather endearing!

Marine Iguanas are recognized for their white heads, a result of expelling sea water as salt, creating a crown effect. I could watch the Marine Iguanas basking in the sun all day long; they seem to delight in every moment of it.

Galapagos Land Iguana

Three species of land iguanas are endemic to the Galapagos Islands: the Santa Fe Iguana, the Pink Galapagos Iguana, and the plain Land Iguana.

How do you differentiate them?

• The Land Iguana features a yellow body with black and brown markings.
• The Pink Iguana is, as the name suggests, pink, adorned with black or brown splotches and is only found on Isabela Island.
• The Santa Fe Land Iguana is exclusive to Santa Fe Island in the Galapagos.

Lava Lizards

During our hike on Isabela Island’s active volcano, Sierra Negra, we had the opportunity to spot the Galapagos Lava Lizard. These small lizards can reach up to a foot long. However, there are five other species of lava lizards across the Galapagos, which you will see abundantly. They scurry around and often gather in groups—imagine the conversations they might be having!

Galapagos Shark

While snorkeling, we encountered several Galapagos Sharks in the water. As our guide noted, Galapagos Sharks are well-fed and sit atop the food chain within the island ecosystem, so we had no reason to worry. They seemed indifferent to our presence while feeding near Kicker Rock.

These sharks are akin to reef sharks and can grow to 12 feet in length. While swimming among them, they maintained a respectful distance, occasionally surfacing for a fleeting glance.

Galapagos Sea Lion

You will find no greater joy than swimming with sea lions in the Galapagos. This species can also be found along Ecuador’s coast, though they are most abundant here in the islands.

They can be spotted lounging on park benches on San Cristobal Island. While they are charming, it is important not to approach them on land, as they can be aggressive.

When swimming with Galapagos sea lions, it is crucial to maintain a safe distance and allow them to approach you; they will likely come closer to say hello.

Green Sea Turtle

Snorkeling in the Galapagos Islands is one of our favorite activities. The water can be a bit chilly, so we recommend wearing a short wetsuit. This way, you can enjoy your time in the water longer than those without extra warmth. Trust me, this once-in-a-lifetime experience is not something you want to rush!

The Galapagos is home to the only turtle species that nests in the area. Regrettably, the turtles face threats from fishing nets, plastic pollution, light pollution, and non-endemic wildlife, such as cats, pigs, and rats.

Frigate Bird

Frigate birds populate various regions in South America, yet their presence remains thrilling during sightings in the Galapagos Islands. There are two species of Frigate Birds present: The Great and the Magnificent Frigate Bird—with names that truly reflect their grandeur. Observing these birds in their natural habitat is a breathtaking experience.

During mating season, the males exhibit their red chests, puffed to attract potential mates.

Sally Lightfoot Crab

The Sally Lightfoot Crab is a vibrant creature that you will readily spot while exploring the Galapagos Islands. With their bright red, orange, and yellow colors, these crabs are entertaining to observe as they scurry around, often scavenging for food—including eating the ticks from the marine iguanas.

Galapagos Fur Seal

Galapagos fur seals (Arctocephalus galapagoensis) are yet another species on the endangered list. This smallest seal in the world divides its time 70/30 between land and sea. Typically, the Arctocephalus Galapagoensis is found among rocks, seeking shade during daytime hours.

Distinguishing a fur seal from a sea lion can be challenging; however, fur seals have shorter heads and are generally smaller. They are also less likely to be seen in the water during the day. The best areas to spot them include the bay at Santiago Island and Darwin Bay in Genovesa.

Galapagos Flamingo

Galapagos flamingoes (also known as American flamingoes) are the smallest flamingo species worldwide, yet discovering them is equally thrilling. These birds are exceptional fliers and traverse the Galapagos Islands. Unlike the massive flocks seen in Kenya, Galapagos flamingoes tend to gather in smaller groups. Remarkably, like many bird species in the Galapagos Islands, Galapagos flamingoes mate for life.

Not all islands can support the diet required by the Galapagos Flamingo, so you should visit Santa Cruz, Isabela Island, or Santiago to spot them.

Darwin’s Finches

Darwin’s Finch is renowned for its significance in Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution. In total, there are 14 species of Darwin’s finches in the Galapagos, each characterized by distinctive beak sizes. Although I couldn’t personally distinguish them, keen bird watchers greatly appreciate identifying these unique finches. Interestingly, you can also find Darwin’s Finch across South America.

Flightless Cormorant

The Galapagos Flightless Cormorant is the only cormorant species known to have lost its flying ability. Unfortunately, like many other Galapagos wildlife, Flightless Cormorants are endangered, with an estimated population of fewer than 1,000. For centuries, these birds thrived in the Galapagos due to the abundance of food. They can be observed on Isla Fernandina.

Waved Albatross

Also found along Ecuador’s coastline, the Waved Albatross boasts the largest wingspan among bird species in the Galapagos. They migrate to the Galapagos primarily for breeding from April to December, offering the best chances to see them on Espanola Island.

During mating season, these birds engage in an elaborate courtship ritual, circling one another while clacking their beaks. Once they mate, they remain together for life; however, they are also facing threats.

The wildlife of the Galapagos Islands is truly astonishing! If you ever have the opportunity to visit the Galapagos, be sure to immerse yourself in the water to observe the diverse marine life from below. Additionally, take time for hikes inland to explore the reptiles and mammals. It was an unforgettable journey, and we can only imagine the awe experienced by the crew of the HMS Beagle.

Animal Interaction and Safety

Galapagos animals exhibit little fear of humans, providing a unique opportunity to witness these creatures up close. It’s important to maintain a distance of at least 3 meters from wildlife to avoid disturbing them; however, if they choose to approach you, that is acceptable—just refrain from touching them.

During snorkeling, follow your guide’s instructions closely and avoid reaching out to touch any marine life. Keep a watchful eye out for bulls. While sea lions are playful, they can also be aggressive. Never chase sea turtles or try to touch them.

Where are the Galapagos Islands?

The Galapagos Islands are incredibly isolated in the central Pacific Ocean, with the nearest landmass, Ecuador, located 600 miles away.

The archipelago consists of 13 major islands, four of which are inhabited, while the rest lack human settlements and do not permit overnight visitors. Additionally, there are more than 100 islets, rocks, and smaller islands available for boat tours.

Inhabited Islands of the Galapagos include San Cristobal, Santa Cruz, Isabela, and Floreana, where visitors can stay overnight.

Have you visited the Galapagos Islands? Did we miss anything? Feel free to share your experiences in the comments!