Hells Canyon, located along the Snake River, stands as one of the most remarkable natural wonders in North America. It spans ten miles in width and features breathtaking vistas, reaching a depth of 7,993 feet—nearly 2,000 feet deeper than the Grand Canyon. As the deepest river gorge in North America, Hells Canyon makes the Grand Canyon appear relatively modest.

The allure of Hells Canyon lies in its vast inaccessibility; most of its areas cannot be reached by road, ensuring minimal crowds. Here, the only sounds are the serene rush of the river flowing through the canyon, creating a profound sense of tranquility.

While there are numerous ways to experience the canyon, the most captivating method is undoubtedly through boating.

Where is Hells Canyon?

Hells Canyon is situated on the borders of Northeastern Oregon, Western Idaho, and a small segment in Washington, forming part of both the Hells Canyon National Recreation Area and the Wallowa-Whitman National Forest.

Geology

Enclosed by Oregon and Idaho, the Snake River has meticulously sculpted the canyon over the past six million years, a relatively short span in geological terms. However, the rocks comprising the canyon date back approximately 300 million years, with the oldest formations located in its narrowest sections.

From 300 to 17 million years ago, significant geological events shaped the Pacific Northwest. Following a series of collisions, volcanic activity flooded the region with extensive basalt lava, resulting in a high plateau. Subsequently, the Snake River carved out the canyon landscape we see today.

The region’s arid climate receives only 13 to 16 inches of rainfall annually. The rocks have been transformed by manganese oxide, giving them a unique black sheen. Additionally, the river’s sediment has created pristine white sand beaches sheathed along its banks.

Hells Canyon History

The first known inhabitants of Hells Canyon were the Nez Perce, meaning “we, the people.” The area’s abundant chinook salmon, terrestrial wildlife, and temperate climate attracted numerous settlers.

In the early 1800s, Lewis and Clark traversed the western United States during the Corps of Discovery Expedition. By the 1860s, miners flocked to the area in search of gold, though their efforts largely resulted in disappointment. This period was followed by a homesteading boom, during which sheep farming flourished. Unfortunately, domestic sheep farming led to the spread of pneumonia among the native Bighorn sheep, adversely affecting their population.

During this time, farmers generated significant income, often enjoying a monopoly on the market, supported by government subsidies. However, as the wild sheep population dwindled, government intervention led to a ban on sheep farming in the region.

Wildlife

Hells Canyon is a paradise for wildlife enthusiasts, boasting a remarkable diversity of plant life and animal species. The varied elevation across just a ten-mile stretch provides a rich habitat for an abundance of wildlife.

• Throughout the year, visitors can observe up to 350 different species.
• Seasonal sightings include bald and golden eagles, mule deer, bighorn sheep, and river otters.

In winter months, the canyon offers opportunities to spot larger terrestrial wildlife such as bighorn sheep, mountain goats, elk, and the elusive cougar. Throughout the year, there is ample wildlife to observe, so remember to bring binoculars.

Embarking on a Jet Boat Tour

To fully appreciate the grandeur of Hells Canyon, a water tour is highly recommended. Snake River Adventures is one of merely five permit holders authorized to offer guided tours along the Snake River.

These small vessels, operated by knowledgeable captains with extensive local expertise, provide the unique opportunity to slow down and observe points of interest and wildlife sightings.

During my river journey, I relished the sensation of wind in my hair as the breathtaking canyon scenery rushed by. It was an exhilarating and blissful experience.

Based in Idaho, Snake River Adventures provides half-day tours ($130), full-day tours ($210), and group tours (pricing varies based on the size of the group). They have partnerships with various cruise lines, such as UnCruise , facilitating access to this fascinating wildlife haven.

Marvel at the Confluence of Three States

During your jet boat excursion, a stop at Garden Creek Ranch is worthwhile. This picturesque location features apricot and apple orchards, welcoming visitors to explore.

Guests can enjoy meals on the patio while taking in the unique intersection of three states, after which the journey continues up the Snake River to witness the convergence with the Salmon River before reversal back.

Concluding Thoughts

Hells Canyon, rich in history and thriving with wildlife, is an idyllic destination for outdoor enthusiasts seeking adventure. The serenity of the rushing water and the tranquility of this unspoiled landscape offer a perfect escape for renewal and rejuvenation.