From Moorish monuments and Roman ruins to Gothic gargoyles and modern marvels, cities across the globe boast glorious design masterpieces that are a testament to architectural history.
1. Córdoba, Spain
Córdoba maintains a rich architectural lineage often overshadowed by its nearby counterparts, Granada and Seville. The moment you set eyes on the 8th-century Mezquita (Great Mosque), you will be captivated. As you pass through the fountain-splashed, orange-tree-shaded Patio de los Naranjos courtyard, you will experience the charm of this historical site. The minaret provides sweeping views of the city, but the main spectacle is the astonishing maksura, with its abundant skylit domes and interwoven horseshoe arches—an architectural hallmark from when Córdoba served as the capital of the Muslim kingdom of Al-Andalus.
However, with four UNESCO World Heritage sites, Córdoba’s cultural offerings extend beyond the Mezquita. The medieval center’s narrow cobbled lanes are a treasure trove of ornate buildings, wrought-iron balconies, and hidden plazas. Be sure to visit the remains of Medina Azahara, a lavish palace built by Caliph Abd ar-Rahman III in the 10th century, featuring exquisite gardens filled with fish ponds, fountains, and vibrant orange trees.
2. Bath, UK
Bath is a wonderful mix of high society pomp and exquisite Georgian architecture. This refined city along the banks of the River Avon is a visual delight that easily transports you back to the 1800s. The monumental Royal Crescent offers a stunning semicircle of elegant houses overlooking a well-tended park. Inspired by Rome, The Circus is another iconic creation that should not be missed.
Bath’s history is steeped in the attraction of its 46°C (115°F) hot springs, known since Roman times. The Roman Baths present an enthralling glimpse into this ancient spa town, showcasing one of the world’s best-preserved Roman bath complexes.
3. Basel, Switzerland
Basel is not a typical picturesque Swiss city; rather, it thrives as a hub of avant-garde art and architecture. This dynamic city sits at the confluence of Switzerland, Germany, and France, showcasing buildings designed by renowned architects like Mario Botta and Herzog & de Meuron. The annual Art Basel fair draws art lovers and collectors, reflecting the city’s cultural pulse.
Architectural highlights include the BIS Tower and the vibrant Museum Jean Tinguely. The Vitra Design Museum, an architectural marvel designed by Frank Gehry, offers additional insights into cutting-edge design.
4. Lecce, Italy
In the heart of Puglia, Lecce is a baroque wonderland often compared favorably to its more famous neighbor, Florence. Known for its local architectural style termed barocco leccese, vibrant limestone sculptures, balconies, and façades create a mesmerizing atmosphere across the city.
The Basilica di Santa Croce stands out with its flamboyant design, while the Piazza del Duomo showcases a blend of baroque architecture that highlights Lecce’s historical significance. Beneath the city, visitors can discover the remnants of a 2nd-century Roman amphitheater.
5. Copenhagen, Denmark and Malmö, Sweden
A hub of modern architecture, Copenhagen has been designated as the UNESCO World Capital of Architecture from 2023 to 2025. The city features stunning modernist creations that blend beautifully with its historic context. Exploring neighborhoods like Ørestad reveals exciting eco-friendly innovations, such as Upcycle Studios.
Crossing the Øresund Bridge into Malmö reveals the Turning Torso tower, a striking architectural statement twisting gracefully against the skyline, making it Scandinavia’s tallest building and a prime example of modern design.
6. Coimbra, Portugal
Coimbra, often overlooked in favor of Lisbon and Porto, is a hidden gem. Nestled along the Rio Mondego, this historic city boasts an enchanting medieval atmosphere. The winding streets lined with black basalt and white limestone lead to various historical treasures.
The city is home to one of the world’s oldest universities, the Universidade de Coimbra, showcasing stunning examples of baroque architecture and rich academic heritage. The Biblioteca Joanina stands as a baroque masterpiece in this scholarly city.
7. Barcelona, Spain
As the future UNESCO World Capital of Architecture in 2026, Barcelona captivates visitors with its architectural diversity. The Barri Gòtic (Gothic Quarter) offers a journey through historical Spain, while the works of Antoni Gaudí, such as his iconic La Sagrada Família, exemplify modernista architecture.
His playful designs, including Casa Batlló and Park Güell, intertwine nature with urban environments, making Barcelona a must-see for architecture enthusiasts.
8. Bergen, Norway
Bergen, known for its steep fjords and rich maritime history, features stunning preserved timber buildings that chronicle its past as Norway’s capital during the Middle Ages. A UNESCO World Heritage site, Bryggen showcases unique gabled structures that tell tales of seafaring traders.
For a glimpse into Viking history, visit King Håkon’s Hall and the nearby Hanseatic Museum, which contrasts the opulent lifestyles of merchants with the austere conditions of their sailors.
This article highlights the exquisite architectural offerings around the globe, from ancient marvels to modern landmarks, perfect for architecture enthusiasts and travelers alike.
