Top 25 Things to Do in Edinburgh, Scotland

Edinburgh serves as the capital of Scotland and is a dynamic city rich in culture, history, and picturesque landscapes. For centuries, Edinburgh has been a crucial city, with particular emphasis on education and the arts. Presently, it is home to 500,000 residents and hosts numerous cultural events, including the Edinburgh Fringe and Edinburgh Festival.

This city boasts a blend of relaxed and vibrant energy, continually offering new experiences each week. Edinburgh stands out as an ideal starting point for exploring Scotland and its cultural heritage. Below are some of the most recommended activities to engage in while visiting this beautiful city.

1. Edinburgh Castle

Edinburgh Castle is an iconic element of the city’s skyline. Perched atop a steep rock, it is visible from various locations throughout Edinburgh. This site has been utilized since the 2nd century due to its strategic defensive position. Historically, controlling the castle was synonymous with controlling Edinburgh.

The castle has been home to notable figures in Scottish history, including Mary Queen of Scots and Bonnie Prince Charlie. A visit to Edinburgh Castle provides valuable insight into historical life within its walls. The crown jewels of Scotland and the Stone of Destiny, utilized in the coronation of British monarchs for centuries, are on display. Additionally, guests should not miss the daily firing of the One O’Clock Gun, which has been a tradition since 1861, except on Sundays.

Visit at: Royal Attractions with Hop-On Hop-Off Bus Tours

2. Princes Street

One of the first destinations upon arriving in Edinburgh is the historic Princes Street. This principal thoroughfare has been the city’s heart since 1770 and remains one of its premier retail centers. Princes Street offers a variety of shopping opportunities with major high-street stores lining the road. Additionally, this location is rich in history, featuring significant landmarks nearby, including stunning views of Edinburgh Castle and the Scott Monument, making it a prime spot for photography.

After shopping or capturing photos, unwind in the Princes Street Gardens, which feature a scenic floral clock, a war memorial, and beautifully manicured lawns—perfect for a picnic.

3. Holyrood Palace

Holyrood Palace functions as the Scottish residence of the British monarchy, located in proximity to Edinburgh Castle. Constructed in 1678, the palace has served as a residence for generations of monarchs. Much of its historic charm has been preserved to illustrate royal life during the 17th century. Visitors can tour the chambers of Mary Queen of Scots, which include a room where tragedy struck in 1566 when her secretary was murdered by her husband.

For a glimpse into royal responsibilities and art, visit the State Apartments, which house fine artworks and are still utilized today by the British Royal Family. Conclude your visit with a pause at the palace café for traditional afternoon tea in an elegant atmosphere.

4. Camera Obscura

Inaugurated in 1835, Camera Obscura is recognized as Edinburgh’s oldest tourist attraction. The gallery emphasizes visual illusions and features interactive experiences and activities. Visitors can explore a mirror maze, an Ames room that alters perception, and a vortex tunnel that creates a disorienting effect while remaining stable!

Ascending to the roof provides an exceptional vantage point of the city, complemented by free telescopes for close-up observations. Camera Obscura is a fun and educational experience suitable for all ages, challenging perceptions and offering a variety of unique sensations.

5. Arthur’s Seat

For outdoor enthusiasts, Arthur’s Seat is an essential destination. This dormant volcano represents one of the highest points in Edinburgh. Ascend to the summit for breathtaking city panoramas and a touch of nature within the urban environment. Additionally, a hill fort from around 600 A.D. can be found here, along with remains of earlier structures from 2 A.D. In legend,

Arthur’s Seat is a possible location for Camelot, the fabled castle of King Arthur. The dramatic landscape and historical significance make it an ideal launching point for exploring the surrounding hills of Holyrood Park.

6. Mary King’s Close

Mary King’s Close is situated within Edinburgh’s Old Town, characterized by winding alleys known as ‘closes’. The close is a network of underground passages that partially collapsed centuries ago. A guided tour with The Real Mary King’s Close reveals the intriguing history of this once-bustling street. Guests will learn about life in the closes and the folklore of hauntings and gruesome events that arose following the collapse.

The close has been meticulously preserved, allowing its rich history to be experienced at every turn. Costumed guides enhance the immersion, providing an engaging educational opportunity regarding life in historic Edinburgh.

7. St Giles’ Cathedral

St Giles’ Cathedral stands as the principal church in Edinburgh and is an integral part of the city’s skyline. Founded in the 14th century, the cathedral showcases distinctive gothic architecture commonly seen throughout the city. It houses various memorials honoring notable Scots and is adorned with exquisite stained glass windows. The church preserves original bells dating back to the 15th century and features the King’s Pillar, showcasing the coats of arms and medieval shields of ancient British monarchs.

Visitors should not miss the Thistle Chapel which commemorates the Order of the Thistle, a group of 17th-century knights dedicated to safeguarding Scotland. The chapel is a masterpiece of architecture and stunning arches. St Giles’ Cathedral serves as a focal point for education regarding Edinburgh’s rich history and culture.

8. Scottish National Gallery

The Scottish National Gallery represents Scotland’s national art gallery, making it essential viewing for those visiting Edinburgh. Established in 1859, the gallery features exquisite neoclassical architecture, a fitting backdrop for its rich collections of fine art. Located centrally, the National Gallery displays works by renowned artists such as Van Dyck, Gainsborough, and Rubens.

A notable highlight includes the collection of Scottish artists, showcasing breathtaking landscapes, portraits, and scenes from everyday life by the likes of Peter Graham, Sir David Wilkie, and Sir Henry Raeburn. Guests can enjoy refreshments at the Scottish Café and Restaurant, which offers stunning views of the Princes Street Gardens—an excellent opportunity to immerse oneself in Scottish culture and art.

9. Scott Monument

Located adjacent to Princes Street, the Scott Monument is a significant landmark in Edinburgh. Built in a striking gothic style, this monument dedicated to the Scottish author Sir Walter Scott was constructed in 1844 and stands as the tallest monument to a writer in the world, reaching 61 meters in height.

The tower is embellished with 68 statues of numerous notable Scottish writers, poets, and historical figures, including Mary Queen of Scots, Robert Burns, and Lord Byron. Visitors can ascend the monument’s steps to revel in the magnificent views of the city and the nearby Princes Street Gardens.

10. Royal Botanic Garden

The Royal Botanic Garden in Edinburgh originated in 1670 and was established to facilitate the scientific study of plants for medicinal purposes. Today, it serves both conservation and educational roles while being a favored tourist site. The current structures date back to the early 19th century, including the Temperate Palm House, which was completed in 1858 and still holds the title of the tallest in Britain.

With approximately 275,000 plants distributed across 70 acres, the garden offers diverse and beautiful landscapes to explore. Each section presents a new wonder, while Inverleith House, an 18th-century mansion, serves as an art gallery with a focus on contemporary Scottish art. Visitors can enjoy a delightful day in the gardens amidst the stunning flora and cultural offerings.

11. Greyfriars Kirk

Established in 1620, Greyfriars Kirk remains a central place of worship and an essential part of Edinburgh’s history. A visit here offers insight into the church’s historical importance to the Scottish Covenanters and its use as barracks during Cromwell’s invasion of Scotland in the 17th century.

Presently, it welcomes visitors to attend Sunday services or special concerts, as it is frequently utilized as a performance space. With a diverse lineup of events, Greyfriars is an exceptional venue to experience culture in a unique setting. Don’t overlook the Greyfriars Museum and Shop, where an original copy of the National Covenant from 1638 is displayed.

12. Scottish National Portrait Gallery

The Scottish National Portrait Gallery is housed in a striking gothic-style edifice in the heart of the city. Opened in 1889 as the world’s first purpose-built portrait gallery, it features expansive open galleries alongside intimate spaces. The gallery houses an extensive collection of portraits that chronicle Scottish history through its notable individuals. Among the exhibits are portraits of figures such as Mary Queen of Scots and Robert Burns, as well as works by artists like Sir Henry Raeburn and Allan Ramsay.

With many temporary exhibitions exploring significant aspects of Scottish culture and history, there is always something fresh to discover at the National Portrait Gallery. Visitors can conclude their trip with a meal at the café, which offers delicious options, including gluten- and dairy-free choices, in a beautifully inspiring atmosphere.

13. Gladstone’s Land

Gladstone’s Land, situated in Edinburgh’s Old Town, is a 17th-century tenement house comprising six stories rising above the street. This well-preserved structure offers visitors a glimpse into life in Edinburgh during the 1600s, where narrow staircases and historical rooms evoke bygone experiences.

Decorated with period artifacts, Gladstone’s Land illustrates various lifestyles from those of merchants and affluent residents to the cramped existences of the poor. This immersive representation is an excellent avenue for gaining deeper insights into Scottish culture. Be sure to check the gallery on the second floor, often showcasing work by local artists in a stunning location.

14. National War Museum

Situated within Edinburgh Castle, the National War Museum delves into Scotland’s military history. The collections encompass a range of military artifacts and wartime materials, including medals, uniforms, banners, and posters. The museum highlights Scotland’s role in warfare from the Highland-Lowland conflicts of the 17th and 18th centuries to its contemporary military contributions.

Visitors can gain insights into the soldiers’ experiences of war and explore the evolution of recruitment materials over the years. The museum frequently hosts events and exhibits that provide an in-depth perspective on the experiences and repercussions of war throughout history, all viewed through a uniquely Scottish lens.

15. Holyrood Abbey

Holyrood Abbey, established in 1128, is a stunning ruin that was once partially used as a royal residence and also served as a meeting place for the Scottish Parliament between the 13th and 15th centuries. The abbey has witnessed a significant part of Scottish history, including key political events and the coronation of monarchs.

The remaining structures exemplify impressive original architecture that has inspired countless artists and writers. Guided tours offer historical insights while providing unforgettable views of the adjacent Arthur’s Seat.

16. Craigmillar Castle

Craigmillar Castle stands out as one of Scotland’s most exquisite and well-preserved castles, marking it as a must-see. Its history dates back to the 15th century, and it was once the residence of royals, including Mary Queen of Scots. Majestic yew trees still stand at the castle entrance, remnants of a time when they were used for crafting weapons.

Explore the castle’s elegant stonework, leading to grand halls and personal chambers. Climbing the tower rewards visitors with exceptional panoramic views of Edinburgh, including Mary’s Room, where Mary Queen of Scots resided. Craigmillar Castle is an excellent venue to delve into Scottish heritage while enjoying breathtaking surroundings.

17. The Georgian House

Prominently situated in the bustling city center, the Georgian House exemplifies 18th-century Edinburgh living. Constructed in 1796, it showcases early designs representative of the affluent structures that characterized Edinburgh’s New Town, developed to provide more comfortable living conditions compared to the Old Town.

This meticulously decorated house features period pieces that reflect the lives of its esteemed residents. Visitors will find an array of fine art, exquisite silverware, and beautiful furniture. Explore independently or participate in a special costumed tour that portrays a typical day in a noble family’s life.

18. Museum of Childhood

The Museum of Childhood in Edinburgh is recognized as the world’s first dedicated museum of its kind, featuring toys and games from the 18th century to the present. It offers intriguing insights into the evolving definition of childhood alongside the differing toy trends through the ages.

This museum provides an engaging experience for both children and adults, exploring the history of ‘fun’ while stirring nostalgia in mature visitors! Don’t forget to visit the shop for unique toys or retro merchandise to take home.

19. Heart of Midlothian

Located in the city center, the Heart of Midlothian is a unique symbol of Scottish history. This landmark, constructed from colored granite blocks in the Royal Mile, outlines the position of the 15th-century ‘heart’ of the town, the Old Tolbooth, which served various civic functions and was historically a site of imprisonment and execution. Hence, a local custom emerged whereby passersby spit on the Heart as a gesture of disdain towards the former prison.

While this practice originated from contempt, it has now transformed into an act believed to bring good luck. Though easily overlooked, local patrons’ spitting as they move past may assist in locating this notable site.

20. Museum of Edinburgh

The Museum of Edinburgh stands as the definitive destination for understanding the city’s history across the ages. Within this venue, visitors can explore the formation and evolution of Edinburgh through its people and trade. Exhibits feature the National Covenant, original urban designs, and a collection of ornamental art representing Edinburgh’s rich cultural heritage.

The museum offers a multitude of immersive exhibitions designed to engage and educate visitors regarding the city’s development in an entertaining fashion. Do not forget to explore the ‘hidden’ courtyard behind the museum, showcasing engravings and stonework that trace back centuries.

21. Edinburgh Zoo

Experience unique and exotic wildlife across the 82-acre landscape of Edinburgh Zoo. Boasting beautiful vistas of the city, the zoo offers an enjoyable and educational experience for visitors of all ages. The first zoo in the world to house penguins, it currently remains the only facility in Britain to feature koalas and giant pandas.

Guests can observe a variety of animals in their habitats, partake in keeper experiences for an up-close encounter, and gain insight into the life of a zookeeper. Daily talks and weekly events, including photography sessions, feeding demonstrations, and film showings, provide additional entertainment options. Edinburgh Zoo is the perfect retreat for animal enthusiasts, offering a blend of nature and history.

22. Edinburgh Vaults

Venture underground to uncover the shadowy history of the city within the Edinburgh Vaults. These chambers were formed from the arches of South Bridge, constructed in 1788. Initially utilized by traders and rogue individuals, the vaults gradually became inhabited by the less fortunate and were excavated in the 1990s, revealing numerous intriguing archaeological finds.

Today, guided tours are available to explore and learn about the vaults. For those seeking something more thrilling, ghost tours are also offered! The vaults are believed to harbor spirits due to their historical association with crime and murder, making for a riveting—and eerie—perspective on Edinburgh’s past.

Recommended tour: Underground Vaults Tour

23. National Monument of Scotland

The National Monument of Scotland, situated on Calton Hill, overlooks the city. Designed to commemorate Scottish soldiers from the Napoleonic Wars, this monument remains unfinished since its construction began in 1829. Local opinion on the monument is divided due to its incomplete state. Nevertheless, it features impressive architecture and stunning views of the cityscape and surroundings.

A visit to the top of the hill rewards one with breathtaking perspectives of Arthur’s Seat, Salisbury Crags, and Holyrood Park.

24. Usher Hall

As the premier concert venue in Edinburgh, Usher Hall is an essential visit for entertainment and culture enthusiasts. Built in 1914, it features stunning architectural design, including a curved exterior adorned with panels depicting notable figures such as Sir Walter Scott and Mozart.

This venue has hosted a diverse array of events, from concerts to political gatherings and sports. Renowned particularly for its classical music performances, Usher Hall is celebrated across Europe for its exceptional acoustics. Attending a concert here allows one to enjoy modern entertainment amidst historic ambiance.

25. Dean Village

Dean Village is one of Edinburgh’s undiscovered gems, located just outside the city near the charming Water of Leith. Historically, it played a pivotal role in Edinburgh’s milling industry, with remnants evident in current structures. To get a true sense of its history, explore the village, where millstones and stone signs portray its past.

Visit Well Court, a 19th-century residence that has been meticulously restored to reflect its original design. Nearby, St Bernard’s Well, which historically supplied health-benefiting water, also features captivating architecture, complete with a statue of the Greek goddess Hygeia. Finally, crossing Dean Bridge—a remarkable structure—facilitates access between the city and the village, making Dean Village an exceptional and preserved setting ideal for a firsthand experience of Scottish history.