Summary
When reflecting on Iraq, images of tumultuous battlefields, cruise missiles, and advancing tanks may come to mind. Years of conflict have plagued this nation; however, beyond the remnants of war, Iraq has much to offer. The country is adorned with natural beauty, most notably the winding waterways of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. Often referred to as the Cradle of Civilization, Iraq is rich in history, with ancient Mesopotamian cities renowned for their contributions to science, writing, literature, medicine, theology, and law.
This region is also historically significant as the heartland of Babylonia, once traversed by figures like Alexander the Great. Mysterious towns such as Ur contrast with Ottoman relics and iconic mosques, while stunning canyons outline the fertile plains of Iraqi Kurdistan.
Let us delve into the premier destinations in Iraq:
1. Erbil
The 7,000-year-old citadel of Erbil boasts a remarkable history and can be likened to historical cities such as Cadiz and Byblos. The impressive castle at the city center is its primary attraction and has been recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Additional noteworthy sites include the Erbil Civilization Museum and the Kurdish Textile Center, both excellent for understanding the history and culture of this remarkable region.
2. Ur
Ur is famous for its Biblical associations, particularly tales of epic floods and prominent Babylonian rulers, as well as one of the finest ancient ruins in the area. Situated in the southern deserts of Iraq, the site features the Ziggurat, an imposing structure with high walls and steep steps used in ancient times for the worship of Akkadian moon deities.
Indeed, this is among Iraq’s most enigmatic and compelling landmarks.
3. Baghdad
It is well-known that Baghdad has endured significant suffering recently due to ongoing bombings and assaults by insurgent factions. Accessing the Green Zone requires a special permit; nevertheless, optimism remains that tourism will return to this historical city in the near future.
Visitors will discover copper bazaars, Assyrian artifacts within the National Museum, and monuments such as the Unknown Soldier.
4. Basra
Basra is well-known for being the location of one of the most significant battles during the Iraq War. However, if one explores further, they will uncover one of Iraq’s most intriguing destinations. The region is rich in palm forests, and the city is situated along the Shatt al-Arab River, flanked by the sunny Corniche al-Basra, where visitors can stroll and enjoy a pleasant evening breeze.
This location is also home to some of the most renowned shrines dedicated to Islam’s earliest imams.
5. Karbala
This unassuming town actually attracts 30 million pilgrims annually. It holds significant religious importance for Shiite Muslims due to the Imam Husayn Shrine, the burial site of the martyr Husayn ibn Ali, who perished in 680 AD during the Battle of Karbala. Additionally, it is believed to be one of the holiest places on Earth, as designated by the archangel Gabriel.
Thus, each year, the town witnesses thousands of devotees during the Ashura Day of Atonement.
6. Hatra
Located in the arid deserts of western Iraq, Hatra is known for its monumental columns and intricate temples. As a UNESCO World Heritage Site, it represents one of Iraq’s most significant archaeological wonders, showcasing the marvels of the Parthian era. Nonetheless, some areas have suffered damage in recent years, leaving uncertainty regarding the extent of Hatra’s preservation.
7. Dur-Kurigalzu
The ancient ruins of Dur-Kurigalzu date back 3,500 years and served as the core of southern Mesopotamia’s Cradle of Civilization. Situated near the prominent Euphrates and Tigris rivers, this site was the domain of the Kassite kings who constructed the Ziggurat in the 14th century. Today, visitors can observe remarkable stonework and mud-brick structures that soar above the desert, once serving as reference points for camel caravans heading to Baghdad.
8. Sulaymaniyah
Considered one of the most hospitable and laid-back cities in Iraq, Sulaymaniyah is regarded as safe for visitors by various foreign governments. Nestled in the rugged northern mountains, it boasts a milder climate compared to many other cities in the country.
The city has a vibrant arts scene and offers a variety of fine dining options featuring delectable dishes like spiced kofta, biryani, and a range of other delicacies. It also serves as an excellent base for exploring the oasis towns and valleys of the Goyija and Azmer mountain ranges.
9. Babylon
The name Babylon evokes images of ancient empires, hanging gardens, and monumental confrontations between Alexander the Great and Persian monarchs. While recent efforts at restoration and preservation have been limited, visitors can still admire some of the majestic structures and the vast remnants of Homera.
As one explores Babylon, it is essential to recognize that they are walking in the footsteps of legendary rulers and can marvel at historical artifacts like the gracefully decaying lion statues, envisioning how the Hanging Gardens might have appeared in their prime.
10. Ctesiphon
During the 4th century BC, Ctesiphon began as a minor Persian settlement along the tranquil Tigris River. However, by the 1st century AD, it became the Parthian capital and expanded to include Seleucia. Consequently, by the 7th century, Ctesiphon had flourished into one of the largest cities in the region, where the iconic Arch of Ctesiphon was constructed.
Also referred to as the Taq Kasra, this Sassanid dome is among the largest of its type globally and stands as one of the most significant archaeological sites in the area.
11. Mosul
Regrettably, the name Mosul has become associated with some of the most severe destruction in Iraq’s contemporary history. For several years, the city was under insurgent control and has now transformed into a battleground for Iraqi military forces. Nonetheless, there is hope for Mosul’s liberation, allowing this site, which boasts over 2,000 years of rich heritage, to become accessible to visitors once again.
The city hosts remarkable sights, including the dilapidated ruins of the Umayyad Mosque, dating back to 640 AD, alongside the striking cobalt-blue marble work of the Yahya Abdul Kassem Mashad.
12. Dahuk
Situated in a modest, dusty valley in northern Iraq, the Kurdish town of Dahuk is merely a short bus ride from the Turkish border. This accessibility has contributed to its reputation as a friendly and welcoming destination.
The town offers an abundance of cafes and teahouses, and with the presence of the University of Dahuk, it possesses a vibrant university community atmosphere.
Visitors can relish the nearby cascading waterfalls and explore colorful Kurdish markets offering local goods such as spices and textiles.
13. Kirkuk
Kirkuk uniquely straddles Iraqi Kurdistan and the rest of the nation while also being notable for its abundant oil reserves. Consequently, this region has experienced considerable violence and turmoil, with its principal landmarks reflecting its tumultuous history.
These include vast, smoldering oil fields at Baba Gurgur and ancient citadels showing signs of deterioration due to neglect and historic conflicts.
14. Nineveh
Once the core of the Assyrian Empire and immortalized by the prophet Jonah, Nineveh holds significant theological importance. Unfortunately, much of the city has been pillaged throughout the years; however, visitors can still admire the enchanting remnants of Kuyunjik and other ancient city gates.
15. Zakho
The border town of Zakho lies in proximity to Turkey and is known for its excellent dining establishments and accommodations, making it one of the most accessible locations in Iraq. It is believed to be the original site where early Christian missionaries first settled in the region. Among its highlights are the picturesque Delal Bridge spanning the Little Khabur and the haunting remains of Zakho Castle.
