Top 15 Stunning Lakes to Explore in Africa

Africa, the second largest continent in the world, is characterized by its diverse geography and rich cultural heritage. It is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea, the Isthmus of Suez, the Red Sea, the Indian Ocean, and the Atlantic Ocean, featuring an expansive coastline that measures 26,000 kilometers. This continent accommodates 54 different countries, nine territories, and two de facto independent states, including several islands.

The continent encompasses an array of landscapes, including mountains, mangrove swamps, lowlands, and deserts. It is also home to the African Great Lakes, a collection of lakes situated within the Rift Valley, which began forming approximately 22-25 million years ago. Numerous other lakes can be found throughout the continent in various elevations and topographies. Each of these bodies of water is remarkable in its own right. However, given the plethora of lakes across this vast continent, we present our curated selection of the top 15 lakes in Africa.

1. Lake Victoria; Kenya, Uganda & Tanzania

Named in honor of Queen Victoria, Lake Victoria stands as the largest lake in Africa and the second largest freshwater lake globally. Spanning an impressive 68,800 square kilometers, it is recognized as the world’s largest tropical lake, shared among Kenya, Uganda, and Tanzania.

The water levels of Lake Victoria are predominantly replenished by rainfall, draining exclusively through the Nile River located on its northern periphery in Uganda. The eastern section of the lake near Kenya is recognized as the deepest.

Many vantage points around this expansive lake offer breathtaking views of both sunrise and sunset. Boat tours are available for a more immersive experience of the picturesque horizon. Additionally, vehicular and passenger ferry services facilitate crossing to any of the three bordering nations.

2. Lake Malawi; Malawi, Mozambique & Tanzania

Another member of the African Great Lakes, Lake Malawi is the third largest lake on the continent, covering 29,600 square kilometers. It is referred to as Lago Niassa in Mozambique and Lake Nyasa in Tanzania.

Home to more fish species than any other lake worldwide, Lake Malawi presents an unparalleled opportunity for snorkeling. The lake is also favored for fishing, with numerous locals engaging in the catch of various types of chambo to support their families.

This ancient lake, estimated to be 1-2 million years old, is wreathed in stunning scenery that reflects in its beautifully aquamarine waters.

3. Lake Retba; Senegal

Lake Retba, commonly referred to as the Pink Lake, is remarkably notable for its stunning pink coloration. The lake derives this unique tint from Dunaliella salina algae, attributed to its high salinity.

Unique in all of Africa, Lake Retba should undoubtedly be included in any travel itinerary, due to its captivating pink shades best observed during the dry season spanning from November to June.

The lake’s fish population is notably smaller, a phenomenon resulting from the elevated salt concentration that induces dwarfism in fish species. With salt levels reaching as high as 40 percent in certain areas, visitors can experience buoyancy akin to floating in the Dead Sea.

4. Lake Tanganyika; Burundi, DR Congo, Tanzania & Zambia

Believed to be between 9-12 million years old, Lake Tanganyika ranks as the second oldest freshwater lake globally and is also the second deepest and the second largest by volume. As the longest freshwater lake on Earth, it extends for 673 kilometers across four nations.

Surrounded by valley walls, the lake reflects the majesty of the mountains that encompass it. Sunrise and sunset provide exceptional opportunities to appreciate the lake’s natural beauty.

Wildlife enthusiasts may witness a variety of species along the 1,828-kilometer shoreline, including Nile crocodiles, Zambian hinged terrapins, and the endangered Storm’s water cobra. Lake Tanganyika boasts more than 300 distinct fish species, many of which are endemic.

5. Lake Kariba; Zambia & Zimbabwe

As the largest man-made lake in the world, Lake Kariba is situated along the border of Zambia and Zimbabwe, formed by the Zambezi River. The lake spans an area of 5,580 square kilometers and is dotted with many islands.

An appealing destination for anglers, Lake Kariba is renowned for its indigenous tiger fish. The lake hosts an annual Tiger Fishing Competition every May, attracting many enthusiasts.

Numerous lodges lining the Zambian shoreline are favored by travelers looking to immerse themselves in this stunning locale. Moreover, accommodations on houseboats allow visitors to appreciate the scenery in unparalleled ways.

6. Lake Kivu, Rwanda & DR Congo

Another of the African Great Lakes, Lake Kivu is positioned along the border between Rwanda and the Democratic Republic of Congo, with 58 percent of its waters residing in the DR Congo. Nonetheless, the majority of visitors access the lake from the lodges situated on the Rwandan banks.

The shoreline of Lake Kivu features several beaches, with Gisenyi being particularly popular. Guests can partake in various activities such as kayaking, swimming, or simply relaxing on the beach. Additionally, tours to Idjwi Island offer unique insights into the local environment.

Gisenyi serves as the starting point for the Congo Nile Trail, which meanders around the lake’s southeastern edge for approximately 225 kilometers, providing excellent opportunities for hiking and cycling.

7. Lake Bunyonyi, Uganda

Recognized as one of Africa’s deepest and most picturesque lakes, Lake Bunyonyi spans only 46 square kilometers yet is home to 29 islands. The lake’s breathtaking natural beauty is defined by lush green hills and small islands scattered throughout, creating a tranquil environment ideal for swimming, canoeing, kayaking, and boating.

This peaceful locale also offers excellent opportunities for hiking and nature walks in the surrounding hills, with views reminiscent of a National Geographic publication.

Accommodations along the lake’s 186-kilometer shoreline make it easy for visitors to indulge in various activities and appreciate the serene environment. Birdwatching is also popular, with over 200 species of birds residing in the area.

8. Lake Assal; Djibouti

This crater lake stands as one of Djibouti’s premier tourist attractions, and its appeal is readily apparent. Situated in the Afar Triangle at an elevation of 155 meters below sea level, it ranks as Africa’s lowest point and the third lowest globally.

Lake Assal possesses salinity levels that are ten times greater than that of sea water, making it the second most saline lake in the world and the largest salt reserve globally. It is designated as a national treasure by the Djibouti government and is being considered for UNESCO World Heritage Site status.

Although shallow, the beauty of Lake Assal is complemented by the surrounding Danakil Desert and the hills along its western edge. The local populace comprises the Afar community, but wildlife is scarce due to the extreme desert conditions and high salinity of the water.

9. Lake Bogoria; Kenya

Lake Bogoria, another saline body of water, is located in a volcanic region of Kenya’s Rift Valley and is renowned for hosting one of the largest populations of lesser flamingos globally. The lake is also famous for its geysers and hot springs that line its shores.

This Ramsar Wetland serves as a protected national reserve, with accommodations available at the northern end, alongside camping opportunities along the southern shoreline.

The elevated salinity renders the lake inhospitable for fish, making swimming impractical. Nevertheless, the site attracts tourists keen on witnessing the flamingos and the explosive geysers, which can reach heights of five meters during eruptions.

10. Lake Nakuru; Kenya

Situated within the Rift Valley at an elevation of 1,754 meters, Lake Nakuru is encircled by the protected Lake Nakuru National Park. Similar to Lake Bogoria, it is renowned for its extensive flamingo population and its appeal to various bird species.

The surrounding national park is teeming with wildlife, including eastern black rhinos, southern white rhinos, warthogs, baboons, and giraffes. Additionally, predators such as lions, leopards, and cheetahs reside within the park.

Visitors flock to Lake Nakuru not only for the flamingos and wildlife viewing opportunities but also for camping experiences. Several lodges along the lake’s banks provide more luxurious accommodation options.

11. Lake Chad; Chad, Cameroon, Niger & Nigeria

Despite being named after the country of Chad, this lake actually extends across four nations and serves as a vital water source for over 30 million inhabitants. Situated at the periphery of the Sahara, the lake offers picturesque landscapes.

Lake Chad is a freshwater body enriched with over 40 species of algae, earning it recognition as one of the largest producers of spirulina globally. Additionally, it is classified as a Ramsar Wetland site.

Home to approximately 85 species of fish, the lake also serves as a migratory destination for many birds. Visitors might also encounter elephants, crocodiles, hippopotamuses, cheetahs, or striped hyenas in the vicinity.

12. Lake Turkana; Kenya & Ethiopia

Formerly referred to as Lake Rudolf, Lake Turkana is recognized as the world’s largest alkaline lake, the largest permanent desert lake, and the fourth-largest salt lake globally. The lake is notable for vapors emitted from Central Island, which houses an active volcano.

Lake Turkana benefits from its proximity to national parks, with both Lake Turkana National Park and Sibiloi National Park recognized as UNESCO World Heritage Sites. These parks provide habitats for diverse wildlife, including Nile crocodiles, snakes, and hippopotamuses.

Furthermore, the lake supports numerous bird species indigenous to Kenya, alongside more widespread species. Visitors who are fortunate may even spot the Turkana mud turtle, endemic to the lake.

13. Lake Nasser; Egypt & Sudan

As one of the largest man-made lakes in the world, Lake Nasser is located between Egypt and Sudan, with over 80 percent of its area located within Egypt. The lake was created following the construction of the Aswan High Dam on the Nile River from 1958 to 1970.

Lake Nasser was named after Gamal Abdel Nasser, Egypt’s second president; however, it is referred to as Lake Nubia in Sudan. Its location along the Nile makes it a prominent site for Nile perch fishing.

A popular activity at Lake Nasser involves boat cruises, providing stunning views of the Ramses II statue at Abu Simbel Temple, which overlooks the lake. The vista from the temple toward the lake, particularly during sunset, is breathtaking.

14. Lake Naivasha; Kenya

This freshwater lake is situated just northwest of Nairobi, Kenya’s capital, and is part of the Great Rift Valley. The name Lake Naivasha is derived from the local Maasai term Nai’posha, translating to “rough water.”

At an elevation of 1,884 meters above sea level, Lake Naivasha represents the highest point within the Kenyan Rift Valley. Spanning 139 square kilometers, the lake is encircled by extensive swamplands, earning it designation as a Ramsar Wetland.

This lake is a favored stop on numerous safari tours, given its proximity to both Maasai Mara and Hell’s Gate National Park. The lake also provides favorable conditions for boating and viewing diverse wildlife, including hippos, giraffes, zebras, and Colobus monkeys.

15. Lake Edward; DR Congo & Uganda

With an area of 2,325 square kilometers, Lake Edward is the smallest of the African Great Lakes, situated within the Albertine Rift along the border between the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Uganda. This lake was named in honor of Prince Albert Edward, the son of Queen Victoria.

Lake Edward resides within the Virunga National Park, a UNESCO World Heritage Site lauded for its exceptional biodiversity. This park is home to numerous fish species and offers opportunities for visitors to observe a range of wildlife, including crocodiles, chimpanzees, elephants, and lions along the banks, all protected within the national park. The area is also home to the critically endangered mountain gorilla.