Summary
Kidnappings, regional factionalism, military coups, and juntas: life has been notably challenging for the vast expanse of the African Maghreb, specifically in Mauritania. Consequently, numerous foreign governmental agencies currently advise against all non-essential travel to extensive areas of this territory.
It is hopeful that in the future, travel advisories will ease, allowing the breathtaking Saharan dunes and the Sahel’s edges to once again feature prominently on travelers’ itineraries.
What makes this region so compelling? The ancient Berber settlements scattered across the desert, characterized by their historical sandstone mosques and abandoned adobe villages steeped in history. The bustling city of Nouakchott, along with its vibrant fish markets, presents unique experiences. Additionally, there exist some of Africa’s remarkable avian populations, eagerly awaiting exploration along the saline banks of the Banc d’Arguin. Moreover, adventurous travelers can venture into unspoiled desert plateaus and visit timeless camel trading towns.
Let us delve into the top destinations to explore in Mauritania:
1. Chinguetti
Chinguetti arises dramatically from the transitioning sand dunes of the Sahara, where these shifting hills have gradually encroached upon the town, even consuming parts of its outskirts. The streets, shaped by relentless winds, present a ghostly beauty, reminiscent of its historical significance as a vital trade route between the Mediterranean and sub-Saharan regions.
Presently, it attracts substantial numbers of visitors eager to admire the brick towers and ancient fortresses constructed by Berber tribes and the Almoravids, dating back to the Middle Ages.
This site also forms part of a broader UNESCO World Heritage Site that includes several other historic desert towns in the Adrar region and beyond.
2. Nouakchott
Nouakchott presents itself as a sprawling, dusty capital city, filled with honking traffic and aging low-rise buildings, creating an unexpectedly charming atmosphere.
This might be attributed to its relatively comfortable climate compared to the sun-scorched Berber settlements of the Sahara, or perhaps due to the city’s authentic character and inviting ambiance.
Originally constructed to accommodate 15,000 residents, the larger metropolitan area now houses over two million individuals. This significant population contributes to the vibrant energy of its informal districts and nomadic communities, with the Nouakchott Fish Market undoubtedly being a highlight.
Here, pirogues laden with freshly caught fish and seafood arrive each morning from the Atlantic Ocean, while vendors barter energetically and locals engage in their daily routines.
3. Atar
Atar serves as the gateway to the Adrar Plateau, where visitors frequently organize excursions to desert-hidden medieval caravan towns, such as the previously mentioned Chinguetti.
Situated centrally within the country and near the border with Western Sahara, Atar features a lively bazaar and expansive craft markets, ideal for those seeking traditional Mauritanian artifacts.
With several hospitable guesthouses and dining options offering local cuisine, Atar makes for an excellent base from which to explore nearby attractions, including the Richat Structure and the Sahara’s oases.
4. Terjit
Located a brief drive south along the main route from Atar, Terjit stands out as one of Mauritania’s most compelling backcountry destinations.
This oasis town emerges from the parched desert landscape, presenting a stunning juxtaposition of lush date palms and flowing streams, creating an oasis of greenery within a vast sandy sea.
Framed by steep gorges that rise dramatically to meet the Adrar Plateau, Terjit offers camping spots beneath the palm trees, a petting zoo with camels, and a fascinating history of regal coronations.
5. Banc d’Arguin
Banc d’Arguin National Park is the only extensive national park in Mauritania.
Its vast expanse is characterized by low sandbanks and rocky beaches that slope into the waters of the Bay of Arguin at the northernmost edge of the country, renowned for its remarkable biodiversity, particularly the large populations of migratory birds that converge here annually.
Birdwatchers can observe sandpipers, flamingos, pelicans, and terns in the shallows, while it is believed that the nesting bird population in this area holds the highest numbers in West Africa. The park is also home to the traditional Imraguen community, often seen navigating their pirogues among the sandy islets and gentle waves.
6. Ouadâne
At the terminus of a long and winding road that stretches from the capital Nouakchott deep into the heart of the Mauritanian Sahara, Ouadâne presents a captivating tableau, revealing the stark realities of existence within this arid landscape.
It stands in a state of gradual decline under the relentless desert sun, with its array of adobe stone dwellings cascading down rugged escarpments toward a labyrinth of alleys inhabited by solitary Berber nomads and their eclectic collection of crafts.
Despite its continued habitation, many residents have sought refuge in more hospitable locales, highlighting the challenging living conditions evident when the dust storms arise and the midday heat prevails.
7. Tichit
Tichit persists amid the unforgiving environment of the Sahara Desert, embodying one of the country’s UNESCO-protected Ksours.
The town is remarkable, featuring the towering Tichit Mosque characterized by crenellations and striking triangular windows, recognized as one of the most iconic mosques in Mauritania. Visitors are encouraged to explore the ancient city and appreciate its unique use of colored quarry stones, a feature exclusive to Tichit.
8. Oualâta
Oualâta, a segment of Mauritania’s distinguished UNESCO World Heritage Site encompassing the ancient Ksours of the Sahara, stands out as one of the nation’s most captivating treasures.
Visitors can wander through the aged sandstone facades adorned with elegant Berber and Moorish motifs, while earthy arabesque designs reflect the grandeur of Morocco’s kasbahs found in cities such as Fez and Marrakech.
Exploring the ruins of the old town and marveling at the impressive towers of the iconic Oualâta Mosque are essential experiences.
9. Nouadhibou
Extending into the Atlantic Ocean from its location on the Cabo Blanca peninsula, Nouadhibou serves as the epicenter of Mauritania’s fishing industry.
Characterized by its expansive docks, the bustling town is filled with a multitude of sails and fishing skiffs, each venturing out daily to capture their Atlantic bounty. Additionally, the area is known for processing iron ore obtained from the desert mines.
Do not miss witnessing the decaying maritime vessels scattered throughout Nouadhibou Bay, and take a moment to relish the picturesque sunset at the coastal Cansado area.
10. Kiffa
Kiffa represents an intriguing intersection of cultures, nestled beneath the imposing Affolle Mountains that create rugged cliffs and flat-topped elevations where the southern Sahara meets the Sahel region.
Some visitors arrive here to explore the surrounding mountainous towns, while many others seek the renowned Kiffa beads celebrated for their unique craftsmanship using a secret blend of powdered glass, resulting in jewelry recognized throughout the region.
Additionally, it is possible to observe the site where a significant meteorite impacted the mountains in 1970, adding to Kiffa’s allure.
11. Néma
If insight into the traditional nomadic lifestyle that once prevailed in Mauritania is what you seek, then the wind-swept settlement of Néma at the end of the so-called Road of Hope is an ideal destination.
This town, located near the Mali border, has historically served as a crucial transit point for traders journeying between the Atlantic coast and West Africa’s interior.
Today, it remains notable for its authenticity, where visitors can experience crumbling mud-brick neighborhoods and a community of affectionate locals.
12. Kaédi
Kaédi showcases a rare instance of urban greenery, found in the extreme southern regions of Mauritania, where the Senegal River curves its way around the border with Senegal.
The town’s architecture reflects a fascinating blend of Moorish and sub-Saharan influences, evident in its low-rise homes and the striking beehive-shaped hospital.
As is typical in border towns, a vibrant marketplace flourishes here, filled with colorful wares from the lush south and artisanal crafts from the arid north.
13. Sélibaby
Situated at the southern frontier of Mauritania, close to the Senegal border, Sélibaby is a lively town known for its interconnected streets and cluttered neighborhoods.
The community is infused with energy, attributed to its university and a newly established regional hospital, both significant projects funded by Chinese investments. Additionally, Sélibaby serves as a convenient starting point for journeys into southern Mali and the vibrant jungles of Senegal, which begin with the town of Bakel located just across the Senegal River.
14. Zouérat
The development and character of Zouérat have been predominantly shaped by industry.
Nestled among the towering beige and brown cliffs of the Tiris Zemmour ranges in northern Mauritania, it is situated near some of Africa’s most abundant mineral reserves.
This industry manifests itself through the smoke and dust emitted by factories and refineries, as well as the continual movement of convoys bound for coastal ports. Furthermore, travelers may find it beneficial to observe the industrious local population before proceeding to explore the Saharan towns of Fderik or Chinguetti.
15. Diawling National Park
Located along the southern edge of Mauritania, Diawling National Park is a small haven of biodiversity.
Home to various bird species including pelicans, northern pintails, Sudanese golden sparrows, and pink-hued flamingos, it serves as a prime destination for bird enthusiasts eager to explore the diverse winged inhabitants of West Africa.
Additionally, the park is renowned for its expansive acacia forests and populations of golden wolves, not to mention a variety of riparian ecosystems where crocodiles coexist with ducks and hippopotami along muddy banks.
