Summary
Nestled in the Horn of Africa, Eritrea is a small nation of approximately six million inhabitants. Bordered by Ethiopia, Sudan, Djibouti, and the Red Sea, Eritrea faces numerous challenges, including economic hardships and political repression. Despite difficulties associated with travel, such as the requirement of a permit to exit the capital, Eritrea remains an intriguing destination characterized by its stunning landscapes and rich culture.
This multi-ethnic country comprises nine distinct communities and reflects influences from Abyssinia, Mediterranean, and Arab cultures. Largely untouched by commercial tourism, Eritrea presents a wealth of natural beauty, including beaches, coral reefs, archipelagos, and archaeological sites. The name ‘Eritrea’ originates from the Greek term for ‘Red Sea’, and visitors will delight in exploring the country’s hidden treasures.
1. Asmara
Asmara, the capital city, showcases two distinct atmospheres. Upon arrival, one is immediately captivated by the charming neighborhoods, bustling street cafes serving fragrant Italian coffee, numerous pastry shops, and a leisurely pace that pervades the city.
This setting evokes the ambiance of a quaint Italian village; however, this allure coexists with stark economic realities, including power outages, quiet streets, and sluggish commercial activity. Despite these contrasting elements, Asmara stands out as one of the most hospitable cities in Africa.
The city is renowned for its extraordinary concentration of Modernist architecture, with much of the historic area remaining preserved since its inception in the 1930s, when Mussolini focused his ambitions on Ethiopia.
The fusion of history, remarkable architecture, warm residents, and eight months of sunshine each year ensures that Asmara is easily loved by all who visit.
2. Massawa
Located approximately 100 kilometers from Asmara, Massawa presents an entirely different atmosphere.
It’s enjoyable to wander through the town, uncovering quaint porticoes, arcades, and whitewashed buildings positioned throughout.
Notably, much of the city suffered extensive damage during the independence war, and the restoration of its architectural heritage is progressing slowly.
Situated along the coast, Massawa exudes a relaxed vibe with its inviting ambiance. Be sure to explore the unique coral houses and the historic Ottoman bazaar.
3. The Imperial Palace
Perched above the harbor in Massawa, the Imperial Palace is a significant landmark.
The original structure dates back to the 16th century and was constructed by a Turk named Osdemir Pasha. The current building, completed in the 19th century by Werner Munzinger, served as a residence for Ethiopian Emperor Haile Selassie.
The palace endured severe damage during the struggle for independence, and its present state still reflects Massawa’s condition post-war.
4. St Mariam Cathedral
St Mariam Cathedral serves as an Orthodox Church in Massawa, distinguished by its striking exterior mural that many find welcoming.
Notably, across the street stands a monument dedicated to the Eritrean struggle for independence, featuring three large tanks positioned where they halted during the last battle of Massawa in 1990. This memorial, situated atop a sleek black marble slab, is maintained daily by church members in memory of those who lost their lives.
5. Senafe
Situated in southern Eritrea, on the periphery of the highlands, lies Senafe, predominantly inhabited by the Tigrinya and Saho people.
The town is particularly renowned for the Metera (or Balaw Kalaw) ruins, which encompass approximately ten hectares and feature several remnants, including a 3rd-century obelisk.
Additional points of interest include Enda-Tradqan, a monolithic church, and a significant stone outcropping located south of the town. Adventurous visitors may request assistance from locals to navigate to the summits of these formations, which reward climbers with breathtaking views.
6. Dahlak Marine National Park
Encircled by water and located within the Dahlak Archipelago, Dahlak Marine National Park is a thriving ecosystem largely untouched by human interaction.
This area is home to turtles, dolphins, manta rays, and over 300 species of fish. For diving enthusiasts, this destination presents an unparalleled experience.
Underwater volcanoes have resulted in spectacular pumice stone formations, while numerous shipwrecks surrounding the islands contribute to one of the most extraordinary diving experiences one can encounter.
Keep an eye out for Dugon dugon, the unique marine mammals believed to have inspired the mermaid myth.
7. Qohaito
Located between Asmara and Senafe, Qohaito is celebrated as one of Eritrea’s most prominent archaeological sites.
This area features the remnants of Safra’s Dam and King Saba’s palace, which date back to the Axumite and pre-Axumite periods. First identified in the 19th century, excavations commenced in the 1960s.
Rock art discovered in this vicinity indicates continuous habitation dating back to the 5th century. Nearby, Emba Soira, the highest peak in Eritrea, inspires thoughts of ancient life as one navigates the ruins.
8. Filfil
Filfil represents the remnants of Eritrea’s tropical forest, formerly a lush ‘Green Belt’ that housed a diverse range of mammals and bird species.
It is remarkable to encounter this verdant region within an otherwise arid landscape, supported by the escarpment interlinking the lowlands and highlands. The town and its forest constitute a protected national area, making it one of Eritrea’s most picturesque locations worth visiting.
9. Dankalia
The section of Dankalia within Eritrea stretches along the Red Sea coast for approximately 500 kilometers.
The inland area, known as the Danakil depression, is considered one of the hottest and lowest regions on Earth, having subsided to roughly 400 feet below sea level over the years.
The thin surface here permits lava to rise, resulting in a dynamic and ever-changing landscape adorned with volcanic cones, isolated mountains, and deep valleys.
The Afar tribe resides in this area, relying on salt mining from expansive flats for their livelihood. This region is not suitable for the faint-hearted; however, for daring adventurers, the landscape offers a unique and unforgettable experience.
10. Keren
Keren is Eritrea’s third-largest city and the capital of the Anseba province. This picturesque town boasts a reputation for its tranquility and relaxed atmosphere.
Visitors will encounter vibrant markets and a rich ethnic diversity here. Nestled within a valley encircled by some of Eritrea’s tallest peaks—including Amba, Itaber, Lalamba, and Ziban Mountains—Keren is a delightful retreat.
Be sure to visit the Tigu Egyptian fort, the 19th-century railway station, the Sayed Bakri Mausoleum, the 6th-century Debre Sina Monastery famed for its cave dwellings, and the St Maryam Deari Chapel. For a genuine local experience, take a moment to relax in one of the many baobab trees, just as the local populace does.
