Top Strategies for Navigating Kenya Efficiently

From secluded national parks and stunning hikes to inviting coastal towns and the vibrant atmosphere of Nairobi, you will want to experience all that a trip to Kenya has to offer.

Whether utilizing a taxi or riding in a matatu (minivan), this enchanting nation is generally accessible, once you understand the available options.

For certain journeys, it is feasible to travel at a slower pace and with greater sustainability. Sailing on a traditional dhow along the Kenyan coast or taking the train from Nairobi to Mombasa are excellent examples, allowing you to appreciate much more of the scenery along the way.

Here are essential tips for navigating Kenya, from its picturesque beaches to the Masai Mara.

Buses connect practically every town in Kenya

An extensive bus network connects both larger and smaller towns throughout Kenya, particularly in western Kenya, with frequent links to the capital and coastal areas. Services tend to be less regular as one travels into northern Kenya. Multiple private companies offer bus services across the country. Generally, these long-distance buses are comfortable, affordable, relatively swift, and secure. The newer long-distance buses often come equipped with recliner seats and some even offer wi-fi.

It is advisable to embark on bus journeys during daylight hours due to concerns over safety, therefore aiming for morning departures for longer trips is recommended. Reputable companies such as Modern, Dreamline, Coast Bus, and The Guardian Coach are reliable; however, this list is not exhaustive. It is prudent to inquire locally when planning a specific journey, as the choice of bus company may depend on your desired route.

Travel slowly and take the train for long trips in Kenya

If time permits, consider taking the train if you are traveling between Nairobi and Mombasa or vice versa. The Madaraka Express passenger train runs three times daily, including a non-stop night service, with journey times ranging from five to six hours.

During the British colonial era, this route featured a sleeper train taking approximately 15 hours and became famously referred to as the “Lunatic Express” due to the severe conditions faced by workers during its construction, including threats from dangerous wildlife and the risk of tropical diseases.

The train track meanders through some of the country’s most breathtaking landscapes, particularly passing through the Tsavo East and Tsavo West national parks, with occasional glimpses of Mount Kilimanjaro along the way.

Additionally, you can travel from Nairobi to Nanyuki by train, which takes around seven hours and goes via Thika; this route is picturesque, leading you to the gateway town for excursions to Mt Kenya National Park. A weekly Kisumu Safari Train departs Nairobi for the town of Kisumu on the shores of Lake Victoria every Friday at 6:30 PM, returning to Nairobi on Sunday at 6:30 PM.

Matatus are privately run shared minibuses

While it may not be the preferred choice for all, matatus (shared minibuses) are the most commonly used form of public transport among locals in Kenya, especially in Nairobi, although they are gradually being replaced by more regulated, larger-capacity buses.

These privately owned vehicles depart once filled, often to the point of discomfort. Nonetheless, if you are fortunate to find a less-crowded vehicle, it can be an entertaining way to navigate short distances, such as within Nairobi’s downtown and suburban areas. Fares are fixed and economical, payable directly to the driver or conductor aboard.

Matatus are typically vibrantly painted, sometimes adorned with slogans or portraits of renowned figures, and many feature music playing loudly. Some even offer complimentary wi-fi and display videos or music clips. However, safety can be a concern: regulations concerning seat belts are sometimes disregarded, and driving quality may vary considerably.

For safety reasons, it is advisable to ride a matatu with familiar travelers and to limit usage during nighttime for urban travel. Always ensure your luggage is secure and keep valuables close. It is best to avoid seating in the front next to the driver to minimize collision risks.

For faster urban hops, take a shared taxi, aka Peugeot

As an alternative to matatus, shared taxis, colloquially known as “Peugeots,” can accommodate around seven to nine passengers. Similar to matatus, they leave once filled. The benefit is that they are rarely overcrowded and do not make stops en route between their departure and destination points. Shared taxis generally operate on fixed routes in northern and western Kenya.

Use ride-hailing apps to get from A to B

Uber, Bolt, and the local service Hava have gained significant traction across Kenya, particularly in urban centers like Nairobi. If you have not already, it is necessary to download the app and establish an account, ideally adding a payment card that does not impose foreign transaction fees (fares are calculated in Kenyan shillings).

With numerous drivers available, these apps simplify the process of finding transportation, while also allowing you to share your trip details with friends or family as an added safety measure. Uber has launched UberASSIST, tailored for passengers with disabilities, highlighting drivers who can provide additional assistance and whose vehicles accommodate wheelchairs.

Take a traditional taxi

Traditional taxis are readily available in major towns and cities. They can usually be found at taxi ranks near tourist attractions, bus terminals, and other significant areas. It is important to note that they are not always metered; therefore, it is advisable to agree on a fare beforehand. When possible, obtain an approximate cost for a trip from location X to Y by asking your accommodation or guide.

Taxis prove convenient for longer journeys as an alternative to flights; for instance, if you are in Mombasa and wish to travel to Kilifi, Malindi, or down to Diani Beach, they represent the simplest option. When costs are divided among multiple passengers, they can be exceptionally cost-effective, along with the added benefit of flexibility regarding your departure time and necessary stops. In urban areas at night, it is advisable to use a taxi to return to your accommodation rather than walking.

Road trip with your own wheels to reach remote areas and national parks

Driving within Kenya provides the ultimate freedom to explore, stop spontaneously, and discover hidden gems. However, embarking on a self-driving journey necessitates thorough preparation. An international driving license is required in addition to your national one, and drivers generally need to be at least 23 years old, although some car rental companies may require a minimum age of 25. Familiarity with the vehicle is beneficial (4WD vehicles are advisable for national park journeys where roads can be unpaved and difficult during wet conditions), and understanding basic maintenance, such as changing a tire, is crucial, as breakdown assistance can be slow when off the main roads.

Most primary roads exiting Nairobi are paved, with surfaced, single-lane highways prevalent. Being a confident driver helps, as road regulations tend to be loosely adhered to. For safety, it is best to drive during daylight hours in unfamiliar areas, particularly those known for carjackings and other crimes, although the perceived risks are often greater than the reality. Nighttime driving should also be avoided due to inadequate lighting and potential hazards like potholes and unpaved roads in certain regions.

Consult recent advice from your government or local guides regarding areas to avoid. Take care when parking overnight; refrain from leaving valuables in your vehicle and seek secured, guarded parking spaces.

Safari operators can arrange transfers to your next destination

When opting for an organized safari, it is beneficial to know that several companies can facilitate transportation between your starting and ending locations, depending on the itinerary and distances involved. For instance, if your journey commences in Nairobi, certain operators are able to provide a transfer to Tsavo National Park and subsequently to Mombasa for the beach portion of your holiday at the conclusion of your safari. This approach is efficient and can also reduce the costs associated with arranging separate taxis, flights, or vehicle transfers.

Have a boda-boda experience to zip through Kenyan traffic

Motorcycle taxis termed boda-bodas are prevalent throughout most Kenyan towns and cities, particularly in areas with fewer conventional taxis. Boda-bodas are inexpensive, adept at navigating through congested traffic, and readily available; however, they have a concerning safety record. Helmets may not always be provided, and enforcement of regulations can be inconsistent.

Boda-bodas are best suited for individuals comfortable on motorcycles; travel during daylight for personal safety and consideration of local road conditions. While most boda-boda drivers are responsible, the inherent nature of this mode of transportation necessitates remaining vigilant if you are not a frequent rider.

Jump into a tuk-tuk

Tuk-tuks (autorickshaws) are not extensively available in Kenya, but they are abundant in Malindi, located north of Mombasa along the Kenyan coast. These open-sided, covered vehicles present a pleasant means of transportation; however, it is advisable to negotiate a fare with the driver if a meter is absent. Tuk-tuks can also be found in Nairobi, Mombasa, Diani Beach, and Nakuru.

Sail along the coast by dhow for carbon-free travel

While it is not precisely a form of public transit, embarking on a dhow (an ancient Arabic sailing vessel) offers a remarkable way to explore the Kenyan coastline along the Indian Ocean. This serene mode of travel allows you to fully appreciate life on the Kenyan coast and its offshore islands.

Dhow excursions can be arranged from beach towns and resorts such as Mombasa, Watamu, and Diani Beach, as well as from Lamu and Shela in the Lamu archipelago. For an experience similar to a cruise, you can request catered sailing services or, alternatively, bring your own refreshments. Trips can vary from short sunset experiences to full-day hire journeys exploring various beaches and coves.

Take the ferry to cross rivers and reach islands

For those traveling between Mombasa Island and the mainland to the southwest, the ferry serves as a picturesque method for crossing the Likoni Channel while taking in Indian Ocean vistas. It is a popular choice for individuals heading to the beach resorts of Diani and Galu, and the atmosphere is lively, providing an opportunity to engage with fellow travelers. However, kindly exercise caution with personal belongings due to the crowded conditions on the ferries.

Currently, five ferries are operational: MV Nyayo, MV Harambee, MV Kilindini, MV Likoni, and MV Kwale, with plans to introduce additional vessels. Passage is complimentary for pedestrians and cyclists, with a nominal fee for motor vehicles and motorcycles.

Take the plane if time’s an issue

Flying is not always the most environmentally responsible choice; however, numerous domestic airlines provide convenient connections between Nairobi, Mombasa, and other coastal towns such as Malindi, as well as the Lamu Archipelago and smaller airports near national parks. Nearly a dozen airlines service these routes, including Kenya Airways, with some flights directly connecting Nairobi to three or four of the most popular national parks, such as the Masai Mara.

The relative affordability of domestic flights renders them attractive and sometimes unavoidable; for instance, the current safety guidance issued by the UK government recommends air travel to the Lamu Archipelago instead of overland routes through Lamu County. While alternative methods such as bus, train, or driving may be preferable for certain routes, some more remote lodges are only reachable by chartered aircraft, which typically incurs additional costs.

Accessible transportation in Kenya

Accessing public transport in Kenya has not always been straightforward for travelers with mobility challenges due to insufficient investment. However, improvements are gradually occurring. Some rapid transit bus services offer wheelchair access and ramps for boarding, in addition to priority seating for senior citizens, pregnant women, and other travelers requiring assistance.

Uber has introduced UberASSIST in Nairobi, employing drivers trained to assist individuals boarding vehicles equipped for folding wheelchairs and walkers. Depending on your specific needs, the kindness and willingness of local individuals can significantly enhance your travel experience in Kenya.

Travelers with disabilities often find it simpler to arrange private transportation. It is important to communicate your needs to the guide, travel agency, and driver, whether it involves physical assistance, ramps, additional storage, or safety clamps for securing wheelchairs. For comprehensive information on accessible travel, refer to GoTravelDaily’s Accessible Travel Resources.

This piece was fact-checked and updated by Helena Smith on 23 March 2023.

This article was first published on July 19, 2022, and updated on November 19, 2023.