Your Essential Guide to Australia

As an Australian living in New York in my early 20s, I found myself fielding a wide range of questions about my home country. Some were amusing, others were downright bewildering: “Do you ride kangaroos to school?” “Are there drop bears in the woods?” “Are Australian dollars really called ‘dollarydoos’?”

Australia can feel like an enigma, particularly for foreign travelers. It’s a land filled with myths and misconceptions that could fill volumes, and the idea of Australia being a homogenous country is far from accurate. In reality, it’s a diverse mix of cultures and ethnicities, with a rich Indigenous history spanning tens of thousands of years. Australian cities are multicultural hubs, and most Australians live in vibrant urban centers – a sharp contrast to the rugged Crocodile Dundee stereotype.

This abundance of misinformation can make it challenging to prepare for a trip Down Under. To help you separate fact from fiction and enjoy a smooth visit, here’s a local’s guide to Australia and its people, including top tips on health, safety, and etiquette.

1. There is no “right” time to visit Australia

Australia is almost as big as the United States, with everything from lush rainforests to snowy alps. The weather varies significantly depending on your location and the time of year. The Northern Territory’s Top End remains hot year-round with only two distinct seasons: the “wet” and “dry” seasons. In contrast, New South Wales experiences blisteringly hot days during summer and sub-zero temperatures in winter. Even the Red Centre’s temperatures fluctuate dramatically throughout the year.

Therefore, think regionally when planning your visit and pack accordingly. For instance, to visit iconic landscapes like Uluru, opt for cooler months (from May to September) to avoid overheating while exploring the area. In Tasmania, coastal heaths bloom from late October to early November, while food festivals are plentiful from March to May. Winter brings snowfall to Tasmania and mountainous regions of New South Wales and Victoria, while visitors cool off in ocean waters along the East Coast year-round.

2. Save up for your dream Australian holiday

Australia isn’t known for being budget-friendly, particularly in cities like Melbourne and Sydney. Iconic experiences like four-wheel driving across K’gari (formerly Fraser Island) or snorkeling in the Great Barrier Reef can come with a hefty price tag, often costing hundreds of dollars per person.

However, savvy planning and a clear budget can help you make the most of your money. Many top outdoor attractions in Australia are free, from scenic drives along the Great Ocean Road to swimming at popular beach spots.

3. Get out of the city to see a kangaroo

Kangaroos aren’t typically seen on bustling city streets; you’ll find them in suburban areas, such as on golf courses. Most kangaroo encounters occur during hikes or road trips through regional landscapes, especially at dawn and dusk when they’re most active. Farm stays can also provide great opportunities to see Sydney’s wildlife up close. (And yes, you can eat kangaroo, and it’s delicious.)

4. Be prepared to talk to strangers on the train

Aussies are incredibly friendly and love a good chat. It’s common for someone to strike up a conversation with you while traveling. Australians are known for their courtesy and manners; they will often hold doors open for others, so as a visitor, it’s polite to reciprocate these small gestures.

5. Australians speak an entirely different kind of English

Australians have their own unique version of the English language, and you might hear a lot of local slang. Regional dialects also add variety, so a person from outback Queensland will sound a little different from someone from Brisbane.

Phrases like “arvo” for good afternoon and “bottle-o” for liquor store may be common, while endearing terms like “mate” are widely used. However, colorful language might catch you off guard; don’t be surprised if you hear the occasional swear word during friendly chats—it’s quite normal here!

6. Australia is home to the oldest continuous living culture in the world

Australia’s Indigenous population consists of both Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders, representing a rich tapestry of hundreds of distinct groups, each with their own languages, histories, and traditions. Visitors can learn more about the traditional landowners at numerous Aboriginal museums and galleries across Australia, as well as joining Indigenous-led tours.

7. The Great Barrier Reef is vulnerable – but it’s not “dead”

The Great Barrier Reef, arguably Australia’s most iconic attraction, is often mistakenly thought to be “dead” due to coral bleaching events that have made headlines in recent years.

While climate change and pollution have undeniably affected the reef, it remains vibrant and full of life. Visitors diving into the waters will encounter both evidence of bleaching and colorful corals teeming with marine life. There are also increasing opportunities for those interested in reef restoration activities.

8. Walking around barefoot is normal

You’ll likely see many Australians strolling barefoot, even in urban settings. This relaxed attitude stems from Australia’s beach culture, which transcends sandy beaches and integrates into daily life.

9. Keep a sense of perspective about crocodiles, snakes, and spiders

Despite popular belief that all wildlife in Australia is dangerous, research shows that other animals cause more fatalities than snakes and spiders combined. Crocodiles are not roaming city streets; instead, they are found primarily in the northern regions. Just remain cautious of swooping magpies during their breeding season from August to October.

10. Restaurant kitchens often close between 3pm and 5pm

In both urban and rural areas of Australia, restaurant operating hours can differ significantly. While restaurants in cities typically serve until 11pm, rural areas may close as early as 8pm. A common surprise for travelers is the mid-afternoon closure (3pm to 5pm) where many cafes and restaurants are closed. If you find yourself hungry during these hours, fast food options will be available.

11. Tipping is not expected in Australia

Because Australia’s minimum wage is significantly higher than in many countries, tipping is not customary and is generally included in the service charge. Nonetheless, if you feel that the service was exceptional and wish to show appreciation, tipping is entirely at your discretion.

12. Meat pie, Vegemite, and chicken salt are must-try foods

Australia lacks a single defining cuisine, but indulging in a hot meat pie served in a paper bag with tomato sauce is an essential experience for any visitor. Vegemite is also a quintessential Aussie treat—just spread a thin layer on toast for a unique salty flavor. Don’t forget to try chicken salt on fries, an Australian favorite that’s usually vegan-friendly.

13. Snorkeling on the Great Barrier Reef requires covering up

When snorkeling on the Great Barrier Reef, don’t spend too much time selecting swimwear. From May to November, you’ll need to wear a stinger suit to protect yourself from jellyfish. This stylish suit provides coverage against venomous jellyfish that inhabit the waters during this time.

14. Walk on the left

To keep foot traffic orderly, stick to the left on sidewalks and trails. This practice stems from Australia’s left-hand driving tradition and ensures a smooth flow of movement, preventing awkward encounters with oncoming pedestrians.

15. The Outback can be unforgiving

The Australian Outback, covering roughly 70% of the continent, presents challenges for those unprepared for its ruggedness. It’s essential to thoroughly plan your adventure, stay hydrated, and inform someone of your travel plans, as phone signals can be unreliable. For added safety, consider joining guided tours that are experienced in navigating these iconic landscapes.

16. Beware of dangerous currents when swimming in the ocean

The primary risk for swimmers at Australian beaches is the potentially dangerous rip currents. If you’re not a confident swimmer, it’s wise to avoid unpatrolled beaches altogether. Instead, simply enjoy the coastal atmosphere from a safe distance.