Getting Around Japan: Your Complete Guide

Spread across 7,000 islands and dotted with megacities, mountain ranges, and magnificent national parks, Japan can be overwhelming for first-time visitors keen to pack their itinerary with major attractions. However, a closer look reveals that this Asian powerhouse is a delight to navigate, whether by train, ferry, or a hired vehicle. Here’s everything you need to know about getting around Japan.

Intercity Travel: Taking the Train

Trains are the most popular and arguably the best way to explore Japan. They are fast, efficient, and incredibly reliable. Though not the cheapest form of transport (with the first price hike in decades occurring in October 2023), they can get you virtually anywhere in the country with minimal stress.

The main operator is Japan Railways, commonly known as JR, which consists of several distinct rail systems providing a linked service throughout the country. JR operates the famous Shinkansen (bullet train) routes, achieving speeds of nearly 320 km/h (200 mph) between Japan’s major cities.

Aside from JR services, a vast network of private railways exists, with each large city typically having at least one private train line to service it and the surrounding area. While major stations are signposted in English and long-haul train stops are announced in English, navigating some stations can be challenging due to their size. Therefore, it is advisable to allow ample time to find your platform.

How to Buy Train Tickets in Japan

• Purchase tickets from touch screen vending machines located in major train stations—which often have an English option—or from midori-no-madoguchi (JR’s in-house travel agency) found at major JR stations.
• Travel agencies within train stations can assist with bookings.
• Seat reservations are only available for Shinkansen services and certain tokkyū (limited express) lines and can be made from a month up to the day of departure.
• Rail passes, such as the popular Japan Rail Pass, offer unlimited rides on all JR services over 7, 14, or 21 days, making train travel more economical for those planning multiple trips.

Bus Travel: A Budget-Friendly Option

Japan has an extensive network of long-distance buses connecting Honshū, Shikoku, and Kyūshū. Although buses aren’t as rapid as the Shinkansen, they are significantly cheaper and cover more areas than the train lines. Japan Railways operates the largest network of highway buses in the country, although other operators are cheaper and have large networks.

Many long-haul routes offer night bus services, with premium coaches providing roomy reclining seats, potentially saving you on accommodation while offering a comfortable ride.

Hiring a Car or Motorcycle: Flexibility at Your Fingertips

For those wishing to explore more rural areas, hiring a car is the optimal choice, particularly for groups. Regions such as Hokkaidō, Tōhoku, and the Japan Alps are great for exploration by car. While navigation systems make driving in Japan easier, it’s prudent to allow yourself ample time to reach your destination.

• Rental prices typically start from around ¥7,000 per day (approximately $50) for a compact vehicle.
• Major rental companies like Nippon and Toyota provide vehicles with English-language navigation systems.
• Motorcycle rentals can be challenging, but companies like Rental 819 allow English bookings.

What to Expect on the Roads

Japanese roads are generally well-maintained, though mountain roads can be narrow. During winter months, if you lack experience with snow and ice, driving can be treacherous, especially in higher elevations.

Driver’s License Translation

Travelers from most countries can drive in Japan with an International Driving Permit alongside their regular license. However, some residents will need an authorized translation of their license, which can often be arranged through the Japan Automobile Federation (JAF).

Domestic Flights: Quick and Convenient

Japan boasts reliable and safe air services. Flying may often be faster and sometimes cheaper than taking the Shinkansen, albeit with an environmental cost and reduced chances to gaze upon Japan’s stunning landscapes. Both All Nippon Airways (ANA) and Japan Airlines (JAL) frequently offer substantial discounts for early ticket purchases.

Bike-Share Schemes in Some Cities

Cities such as Tokyo, Osaka, and Sapporo feature bike-share schemes, making cycling a popular option for navigating urban areas. Although cyclists are legally required to use roads, many opt for sidewalks. Consequently, the availability of cycle lanes is limited, but drivers and pedestrians are generally respectful of cyclists.

Ferries: Slow but Memorable Journeys

While ferries may not always be the least expensive or quickest means of transport, they can provide memorable experiences. Some overnight ferries offer facilities such as communal bathhouses and dining halls, ensuring that your journey is far from mundane.

Accessibility of Transportation in Japan

Japan’s accessibility varies widely. Services staff, even if their English is limited, tend to be exceedingly helpful. Major train stations often feature lifts, and newer buildings typically have ramps and accessible toilets. Nevertheless, navigating older or remote areas can pose challenges, and the perceived accessibility of popular sights may differ from actual conditions.

If travelers require assistance, renting wheelchairs is possible at many hotels. However, it’s essential to be aware that various factors, such as narrow streets and cramped accommodations, may complicate mobility.

This guide aims to help you plan your adventure around Japan efficiently while maximizing your travel experience. Whether you prefer trains, buses, hiring cars, flying domestically, or cycling, understanding these transportation options will enhance your journey.