Top National Parks in Cambodia: A Guide

Cambodia is world-famous for its ancient temples; however, the country also boasts an extensive network of national parks and protected areas. Covering around 40% of the nation, these parks provide vital havens for diverse wildlife.

Spanning over 4104 sq km (1584 sq miles), Southern Cardamom National Park stands as the largest protected area in Cambodia. It forms part of the magnificent Cardamom Rainforest Landscape, which encompasses 11 contiguous reserves covering over 20,000 sq km (7722 sq miles) of the southwest region.

Other popular national parks include Phnom Kulen National Park, Kirirom National Park, Virachey National Park, and Bokor National Park. Many Cambodian residents have embraced nature during recent times, with activities like trekking and camping in these parks gaining popularity, particularly in Kirirom National Park and the Cardamom Mountains.

Phnom Kulen National Park

Best for Lost Temples

The sacred mountain of Phnom Kulen is ancient and historically significant, being the birthplace of the Khmer Empire. In 802 CE, King Jayavarman II claimed himself a devaraja (god-king), establishing the area as a crucial pilgrimage site for Cambodians. This national park is among the most visited reserves in the country.

Key attractions in Phnom Kulen include its iconic waterfall, recognized from the original “Lara Croft: Tomb Raider” film, the mysterious River of a Thousand Lingas (Kbal Spean), and the impressive 16th-century reclining Buddha at Preah Ang Thom. Additionally, the park’s dense forests conceal the ruins of the lost city of Mahendraparvata, the former capital of Jayavarman II, sunk beneath the jungle for centuries.

While trekking routes are still being developed in Phnom Kulen, community-based ecotourism initiatives in Anlong Thom are opening pristine mountain areas for exploration. This park is arguably the most rewarding to explore, given its archaeological treasures hidden beneath the jungle canopy.

Kirirom National Park

Best for Pine Forest Scenery

Located just three hours southwest of Phnom Penh, lush Kirirom National Park offers an opportunity to escape into nature completely. Winding trails traverse through serene pine forests, revealing cascading waterfalls and breathtaking vistas over the Cardamom Mountains. Mountain biking is also an exhilarating option for adventure seekers in this rugged terrain.

Historically significant, Kirirom was once envisioned as a mountaintop city in the 1960s; however, civil turmoil halted the development plans. Visitors can still admire the remains of several old mansions, including one built for former King Norodom Sihanouk.

The 14km (8.7-mile) trail to Phnom Dat Chivit (End of Life Mountain) rewards trekkers with stunning views of the Elephant Mountains and the Cardamom Mountains to the west. Community-based hiking programs and homestays also support local economies.

Virachey National Park

Best for Remote Wilderness

Virachey National Park is one of Cambodia’s largest protected areas, stretching over 3325 sq km (1284 sq miles), reaching east towards Vietnam and north into Laos. This wilderness remains largely unexplored and is home to a variety of rare species, including Asian elephants, clouded leopards, and sun bears. Although sightings may be rare, the sounds of endangered gibbons and sightings of rare birds like great hornbills can often be experienced.

Designated an ASEAN Heritage Park in 2003, Virachey National Park supports biodiversity in the Mekong region. Organized treks, led by English-speaking rangers, offer a way to explore the park, providing opportunities for eco-tourism while supporting local communities.

Bokor National Park

Best for Panoramic Views

The abandoned French hill station of Bokor is famous for its cool climate and hauntingly beautiful derelict buildings from the 1920s and 1930s. On misty days, the area can feel otherworldly, while clear days reveal stunning views over the coastal plain below.

Although new developments have affected the charm of the old hill station, the surroundings still boast impressive scenery. The crumbling Catholic Church and the scenic Popokvil Falls are must-see attractions, offering insights into the area’s history.

Botum Sakor National Park

Best for Authentic Ecotourism Experience

Encircled by mangroves and beaches, Botum Sakor National Park hosts an abundance of wildlife, although habitat loss due to development poses a threat. The Cardamom Tented Camp, situated along the wildlife-filled Prek Tachan River, exemplifies successful ecotourism practices.

Guests at the camp participate in conservation work through activities such as forest patrols and tree planting while enjoying nature’s splendor. Trekking and kayaking adventures provide excellent opportunities to spot wildlife, including gibbons and a variety of rainforest birds.

Southern Cardamoms National Park

Best Community-Based Ecotourism Experience

As the largest national park in Cambodia, Southern Cardamom National Park is home to over 50 species listed on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, which include Asian elephants and pangolins. A dedicated team of rangers patrols the vast region across four provinces.

This park offers meaningful ecotourism experiences, benefiting local communities through sustainable tourism initiatives. The Areng Valley, known for its natural beauty, is one of the last habitats for wild Siamese crocodiles, providing an adventure for nature lovers.

Kep National Park

Best for Gentle Trekking

Kep National Park, one of Cambodia’s smallest protected areas, provides easy access to nature just outside the popular seaside town. An 8km (5-mile) circuit trail suitable for walking or biking offers breathtaking views, including the well-known ‘Stairway to Heaven’ trail leading to a viewpoint.

The ongoing construction of a new road around the perimeter of the park is expected to improve access to more remote trails, promising even more scenic viewpoints.

Peam Krasaop Wildlife Sanctuary

Best for Exploring Mangroves

Peam Krasaop Wildlife Sanctuary features impressive mangroves across 260 sq km (100 sq mi), crucial for coastal protection and as a breeding ground for various aquatic species. Visiting the sanctuary through a mangrove walk allows for stunning views of this unique ecosystem and the wildlife it supports.

Keo Seima Wildlife Sanctuary

Best for Wildlife

Renowned for its biodiversity, Keo Seima Wildlife Sanctuary is home to vast populations of black-shanked douc monkeys and yellow-cheeked gibbons. Innovative projects promote eco-tourism, providing sustainable income for local communities while protecting endangered species and habitats.

Phnom Aural Wildlife Sanctuary

Best for Mountain Peaks

Situated in the Cardamom Mountains, Phnom Aural Wildlife Sanctuary features the country’s highest peak, offering trekkers an invigorating journey. Plans for developing trails and facilities as part of sustainable tourism initiatives are set to enhance visitor experiences.