November 1 is widely celebrated across the Catholic world as Día de Los Santos, or All Saints Day. This day is dedicated to honoring all known and unknown saints of the Catholic faith. While many might perceive this occasion as somber, in several regions of South America, it serves as an opportunity for celebration.
Each day of the year corresponds to specific saints; however, there are more saints than days on the calendar. Therefore, this significant holy day is set aside to honor all saints, including those who passed away in a state of grace but have not yet been canonized. Furthermore, November 2 is designated as the Day of All Souls.
Celebration of Día de Los Santos
Día de Los Santos is also referred to as Día de los Muertos, or the Day of the Dead. Similar to many Catholic festivities, it was intertwined with existing indigenous customs to create a unique blend of “new” Catholicism and “old” pagan traditions.
In nations where European colonizers significantly reduced indigenous populations, the original meaning of these celebrations dwindled and evolved into predominantly Catholic events. This transformation explains the various names and local customs associated with the day across different towns and countries.
Cultural Influences
In Latin American countries with strong indigenous cultures, such as Guatemala and Mexico, along with Bolivia in South America, Día de Los Santos reflects a rich blend of cultural influences. You can witness this amalgamation in the interplay of age-old indigenous traditions with contemporary Catholic practices.
In Central America, families honor their deceased by visiting gravesites, bringing along food and flowers as offerings. Meanwhile, in Bolivia, it is believed that the spirits of the dead return to their homes and villages during this time.
Given that November 1 falls during spring in the southern hemisphere, this period symbolizes agricultural renewal, marked by the onset of returning rains. Moreover, it is seen as a time for the souls of the dead to reaffirm life.
Traditions of Dia de Los Santos
During this time, homes welcome guests who enter with clean hands, sharing traditional dishes, especially those favored by the departed. Tables are adorned with t’antawawas (bread figurines), sugarcane, chicha, candies, and beautifully decorated pastries.
In cemeteries, the departed are commemorated with abundant food, music, and prayers. Consequently, Día de Los Santos is celebrated as a joyful event. In Ecuador, families gather at cemeteries to celebrate with food, alcohol, and dancing to honor their loved ones.
In Peru, November 1 holds national significance; however, in Cusco, it is known as Día de todos los Santos Vivos, or Day of the Living Saints. This occasion is celebrated with local delicacies, particularly the renowned suckling pig and tamales. Following this, November 2 is acknowledged as the Día de los Santos Difuntos or Day of the Deceased Saints, marked by cemetery visits.
Wherever you find yourself in Latin America on the first and second of November, immerse yourself in the vibrant local festivities. The streets will come alive with color, and you may receive an unexpected invitation to join in the celebrations.
