15 Must-Visit Mayan Ruins in Central America

The Maya of Central America held one of the world’s greatest ancient civilizations. This civilization comprised hundreds of affluent cities spanning southern Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, El Salvador, and western Honduras.

From 250 to 900 C.E., the Maya civilization thrived. During this period, remarkable architectural feats were accomplished, alongside significant achievements in astronomy.

However, following this period, major Mayan centers began to decline for reasons that remain unclear to historians. This decline led to the abandonment of large cities, and by the time the Spanish arrived, the Maya were living in smaller, less powerful communities. Consequently, much of their cultural knowledge was in danger of being lost.

As time went on, many ancient cities were reclaimed by thick forests, which ultimately preserved numerous structures that continue to be discovered today. Although hundreds of Mayan archaeological sites exist in Central America, we have compiled a list of some of the most notable sites below.

01. Xunantunich (Belize)

Located in Cayo District near the Guatemalan border, Xunantunich was a ceremonial center during the late classic period. The site’s name translates to “stone woman,” referencing a ghost said to inhabit the area since the early 1890s.

This site features six plazas and 25 palaces, ranking as the second most important Mayan site in Belize after Caracol. Its beauty attracts many visitors, and a small museum provides insights into its historical significance.

02. Cuello (Belize)

Located in northern Belize, Cuello stands out because the remains of residential groups are still visible. Notably, a structure believed to have once served as a steam bath dates back to 900 B.C.E. The burial sites have given archaeologists valuable insights into everyday Mayan life, complete with artifacts like ceramics.

Although the site is situated on private land, the owners are welcoming to visitors.

03. Caracol (Belize)

Caracol is situated in the Cayo district within the Chiquibul Forest Reserve, approximately 40 kilometers from Xunantunich. It was a significant political center during the classical period.

As the largest Mayan site in Belize, Caracol features the most substantial structures in the country. Over 70 tombs have been excavated, and multiple hieroglyphs uncovered, making it an essential site for archaeological study.

04. Cerro Maya (Belize)

Cerro Maya served as a vital trading hub for surrounding cities during its peak toward the end of the pre-classical period. Located in northern coastal Belize, visitors can access it by boat or car, the latter offering stunning views along the journey.

Admire the breathtaking Caribbean panorama from the top of its tallest structure.

05. Lamanai (Belize)

Lamanai is situated in the Orange Walk District of northern Belize. It is particularly notable as it was one of the longest-inhabited Mayan cities, beginning in the pre-classic period and remaining vibrant when the Spaniards arrived, showcasing three millennia of Mayan civilization.

06. Altun Ha (Belize)

Found near Belize City and the Caribbean Sea, Altun Ha is an important Mayan site located in northern Belize. Before archaeologists took charge, locals even repurposed some of the rocks from the ancient structures for their own homes.

The complex’s tallest structure, the Temple of the Masonry Altars, serves as the logo for a local beer brand. This compact site is ideal for a quick and informative visit.

07. Tikal (Guatemala)

Tikal was a monumental city and is widely regarded as one of the most powerful Mayan centers. Covering expansive territory, it is advisable to spend at least one night to fully explore its offerings.

If time is limited to just one day, prioritize a visit to the main plaza, followed by an ascent of Temple #4, which is the tallest structure and offers spectacular views.

The area is also teeming with wildlife, from monkeys to wild turkeys, and adventurous visitors who stay overnight might even have a chance to spot jaguars.

08. Yaxhá (Guatemala)

Yaxhá served as a ceremonial center located between two serene lagoons. Often considered one of the best-kept secrets of the Mayan world, visitors can enjoy a crowd-free exploration of its royal palace, astronomical complex, and cobblestoned streets.

The site features over 500 structures, 40 stelae, 13 altars, and nine pyramids.

09. El Mirador (Guatemala)

El Mirador was once the largest Mayan center before Tikal. It is renowned for hosting one of the largest ancient pyramids globally.

Discovered just a few decades ago, the site remains buried deep within the jungle with no tourism facilities. To visit, one must embark on a five-day trek through the jungle or take a helicopter. Fortunately, visitors can camp on-site, making it an ideal adventure for nature enthusiasts.

10. Takalik Abaj (Guatemala)

Takalik Abaj lies in southern Guatemala, specifically in the Retalhuleu Department. This site played an integral role in commerce during both pre-classical and classical periods. Nowadays, it is known for a wealth of ancient carvings and artwork and features a hydraulic system that includes a unique type of Mayan sauna.

11. Iximche (Guatemala)

Iximche is a smaller complex situated in the highlands of Guatemala. Although not as grand as its counterparts, its location provides stunning views of nearby mountains.

Once a fortress during Mayan times, Iximche remained untouched until Spanish conquest. It became the first capital of Guatemala and Central America, and a significant altar still serves modern Mayans for their rituals.

12. Quirigua (Guatemala)

Quirigua is located in the Izabal Department and was not one of the largest sites, yet it thrived during the classical period as an important military and trading center. It is distinctive due to its tall stelae, which feature many historical inscriptions, marking it significant in the New World.

13. Joya de Cerén (El Salvador)

Located in the central region of El Salvador, Joya de Cerén was an agricultural settlement that existed for around 200 years before being abandoned due to volcanic eruption from Laguna Caldera.

This important site illustrates how the lower class lived, showcasing smaller structures rather than monumental palaces, providing a rare glimpse into the everyday lives of ordinary Mayans.

14. Tazumal (El Salvador)

Situated in the Santa Ana Department of El Salvador, Tazumal is part of a region home to four other Mayan sites and was active for just over a century. It highlights the advancements of the Mayan civilization with impressive temples and drainage systems.

Interestingly, the architecture reflects influences from Copán and the Toltecs, resulting in a unique fusion of styles.

15. Copan (Honduras)

Located in western Honduras, Copan is highly regarded among travelers and scholars. It is known for an extensive collection of sculptures, carvings, and artwork that convey the town’s profound history.

This site once stood as one of the mightiest cities in the southern Maya region before its downfall due to Quirigua’s ascendancy.