Russia as we know it today has existed since the 16th century (excluding that challenging Soviet period), but the historic city of Novgorod dates back to the 9th century and was once one of Europe’s most prominent cities!

Not surprisingly, a majority of activities in today’s Novgorod relate to its rich history of being significant, within and outside Russia, even more than it currently is. Here are the top 12 things to do in Veliky Novgorod, which translates to “Novgorod the Great” (not to be confused with Nizhny Novgorod, which is over 600 miles away!).

1. Crash the Kremlin—No, Not That One!

One thing you might not realize if you’ve never traveled to Russia is that essentially every city has a Kremlin—the word roughly translates to “citadel.” Novgorod’s Kremlin, although less ornate than the one you find in Moscow, also happens to be free. If you’re visiting during a warm season, you’ll enjoy the Kremlin’s proximity to the Volkhov River, which flows just outside its walls.

2. Rent a Bike—or Rollerblades

Although Novgorod’s city center is relatively small and very walkable, having a pair of wheels makes exploring the upcoming attractions much quicker (and, depending on the weather, more enjoyable as well). For a retro method of getting around, consider renting a pair of rollerblades.

3. Return to Where it All Began

Novgorod pre-dates Russia as we know it, being founded in 859, nearly 700 years before the establishment of the first Tsarist State. Physical evidence of this history remains, and although it may be mostly reconstructed, you can see it firsthand. Rurikovo Gorodische is located just over a mile south of Novgorod’s city center and is generally regarded as the birthplace of Novgorod.

4. Celebrate a Different Sort of Millennium

When you hear the words “Russia” and “Millennium” together, you might think of the hopeful energy that filled the year 2000; when Boris Yeltsin’s optimistic presidency was more emblematic of modern Russia than Putin’s memorable horseback rides. Novgorod’s Monument of the Millennium of Russia commemorates 1,000 years of history that unfolded from the city’s founding up until 1862, when it was erected.

(TIP: This monument is located within the Kremlin’s walls, yet it should be considered a distinct attraction.)

5. Go to Church(es)

Like most historic Russian cities, Novgorod is rich in churches. Although you may find yourself overwhelmed by “cathedral fatigue” before seeing them all, a few of Novgorod’s places of worship rank among the top attractions in the city. Most notably, the Yuriev Monastery is recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage site, while the gold-and-silver domed St. Sophia’s Cathedral is conveniently located within the Kremlin.

6. Walk Through a City of Wood

The Vitoslavitsy Museum of Folk Wooden Architecture, located less than a half-hour from Novgorod’s city center, feels like a step back in time. This museum showcases a collection of wooden houses from across Russia that were transported here during the 1960s, paying homage to a traditional building style that may have otherwise been forgotten.

7. Admire Novgorod from the Water

What is it about Russian cities being so close to stunning bodies of water? Whether you opt for a boat tour on the Volkhov while admiring the Kremlin’s reflection (TIP: The citadel appears particularly stunning when illuminated at night) or board a practical boat taxi to enjoy views while heading to your next destination, Novgorod is equally delightful from the water as it is on land.

8. Feel Good During Festival Season

Novgorod may not have the grandiosity of Moscow and St. Petersburg, but it boasts its own unique charm several times throughout the year. In the summer, admire the traditional Russian costumes showcased during the Sadko festival. Alternatively, if you visit earlier in the year (in April specifically), you can enjoy the King Festival, which highlights local plays, dance performances, and puppetry at various venues throughout the city.

9. Buy a Birch Bark Painting

Russia’s countless birch trees are beautiful on their own; however, artists in Novgorod elevate them further by painting stunning landscapes directly onto the bark. Many examples of this art can be found at the handicraft market located in the city’s Sennaya Square, which is an excellent spot for laundry shopping and picking up local souvenirs.

10. Nosh on Novgorod’s Famous Foods

Russian cuisine doesn’t receive the recognition it deserves; however, while few outside the federation may be familiar with Novgorod’s culinary offerings, they should be a highlight of your visit. Winter travelers will appreciate the hearty warmth of shchi, a soup made with cabbage leaves and pork fat (it’s tastier than it sounds!), while the acclaimed eatery Zavodbar excels in serving Novgorod’s local specialties and a variety of regional vodkas.

11. Close Your Eyes, Give Me Your Hand

In Novgorod, you won’t be judged if the phrase “eternal flame” brings to mind the catchy tune of the Bangles’ famous 1980s hit; however, the city’s Eternal Flame of Glory serves to commemorate a far more somber time in history. Specifically, it honors the significant losses Russia (then the Soviet Union) suffered during World War II. Even if you did not know anyone who fought in the war, you might feel inclined to visit and pay your respects.

12. Get Out of Town

While there is plenty to see and do within Novgorod to keep you occupied for several days, you may also consider various day trips to enhance your itinerary. For example, visit Tver, a small city located on the Volga River that once rivaled Moscow in terms of power and influence during Russia’s early development. Alternatively, explore Pskov, where the local Kremlin is somewhat more impressive than Novgorod’s, although you will have to visit to validate this subjective perspective!