Best Non-Inca Ruins in South America

Many travelers visit South America with the intention of witnessing the magnificent Machu Picchu. However, there are numerous other remarkable ruins across the continent, many of which preceded the Inca civilization.

To truly understand the diverse cultures that shaped the region, delving into the pre-Inca sites can provide valuable insights. South America is home to an array of ancient cultures, and exploring these ruins offers a glimpse into their histories. Let’s take a closer look at some of the must-visit South American ruins:

Colombia: Ciudad Perdida

While Machu Picchu garners much of the spotlight, Ciudad Perdida is an ancient site that predates it, having been established around 800 AD. Nestled in the Sierra Nevada of Colombia, this pre-Inca settlement was hidden deep within the jungle and remained unknown to the wider world until its discovery in the early 1970s.

The challenging trek to reach Ciudad Perdida encompasses over 25 kilometers of trekking through coca plantations, dense jungle, and waist-deep rivers, culminating in a climb of 1,200 steep steps.

Ecuador: Ingapirca

Though initially built by the Cañari civilization, Ingapirca later became an Inca site. This historical location showcases the cultural interactions between the Incas and the indigenous Cañari people.

The legend suggests that as the Inca Empire expanded, Inca Túpac Yupanqui allied with the Cañari leader, forging a peaceful coexistence that allowed both cultures to flourish while retaining their distinct identities.

Peru: Chan-Chan

For travelers exploring northern Peru, the Chimu Kingdom’s Chan Chan is a highlight. It stands as the largest pre-Columbian city in South America and a UNESCO World Heritage Site, showcasing remarkable mud-brick architecture that remains well-preserved.

Not only does Chan Chan present fascinating architecture, but it also offers insights into the complex social and political structures of the time, making it a rich educational experience.

Bolivia: Tiwanaku (Tiahuanacu)

Located near La Paz in Bolivia, Tiwanaku is recognized as one of the most significant pre-Hispanic sites, although much about its culture remains obscure due to the absence of written records. This site was a powerful center for approximately 500 years, known for its expansive population and dynamic regional influence.

Argentina: San Ignacio Mini

The Jesuits significantly influenced the development of South America, establishing numerous missions throughout the region. Among these missions, San Ignacio Mini stands out, located in the jungle of Argentina and recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site along with five other missions.

Originally moved twice before reaching its current location, San Ignacio Mini impresses with its well-preserved churches and schools, reflecting the integration of cultural and educational efforts during the Jesuit era.